Top Information Security Threats

Question: Examine about the Top Information Security Threats. Answer: Presentation According to the given situation, the ISIA for example IT Security and Information Assurance branch of Emirates performs different key duties, for example, structuring, arranging and making of made sure about framework. This division ISIA is driven by Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) and other eight security administrators those oversee business coherence, data protection and security and the board of malware and botnets and other basic components. I am filling in as one of the security chiefs in ISIA office. As we realize that Emirates has become biggest carrier in the Middle East and to give best aircraft administrations to its travelers around the world. The security of data everything being equal and representatives of Emirates is additionally a fundamental activity to perform by security directors of ISIA division. The principle concerning point here is that, with the headway in advancements, dangers of data security are likewise expanding. So senior administration is w orried about readiness of Emirates to deal with these dangers. The CISO of ISIA division has solid accept that assessment of security dangers and proactive advances that will be useful to control these security dangers, is required. In this manner, CISO approaches me to survey worldwide episodes for most recent two years and talk about significant five security dangers and approaches to conquer these dangers. For the benefit of this data, Emirates can think about understanding of security penetrates of different associations and significant security dangers or dangers. This data can be utilized as a decent wellspring of information to prepare with respect to data security support (GTN SCS, 2017). Primary Body In most recent two years different security breaks have experienced by business associations that were utilizing data advances for putting away tremendous measure of business data, for example, records of business clients with their own and Mastercard data, representatives data with their pay rates and other fundamental data, and so on. This data is duty of an association to keep up safely into its databases. However, number of instances of data security break, hacking and phishing assaults are usually experienced. In episodes of data security breaks, instances of Kaspersky, Anthem, and Ashley Madison and OPM associations are so well known (Forbes.com, 2017). As a security director, I have inspected these cases altogether and discovered top five dangers that are experienced by these associations. These associations have confronted defenseless data security penetrates with respect to hacking of individual and Visa data of their likely clients, workers data, orders put by clients, thei r stock and other significant business data. As we have talked about over that Emirates is likewise worried about these issues of data security, so assessment about primary dangers of these cases will be a decent wellspring of information for additional arranging. Five Major Information Security Threats Hacking and Phishing Attacks Malware Attacks SQL Injection Attack Absence of Encryption Obsolete Security Software Hacking and Phishing Attacks The danger of hacking and phishing assault has found so regular among previously mentioned occurrences of various business associations. In above episodes, most regular is of hacking and phishing of login certifications, for example, username, passwords, Visa data and individual data of clients and business data of representatives. So it can likewise be a major danger for Emirates that data from its databases can likewise be hacked or taken by programmers (Kuranda, 2017). Malware Attacks Malware assault is likewise a major issue for data security in business associations. For taking data from database or framework, malware secondary passage assault is leading by programmers. Messages are sent to clients with powerless connections of malware. At the point when connections are opened by clients at that point programming content works and malware spread into framework to get to data (Caldwell, 2012). In the event of OPM association that we have referenced above, by utilizing temporary workers login qualifications malware secondary passage assault was directed in the system to get to classified data of organization. OPM couldn't identify explanation behind 343 days. From this, we can see weakness of malware assault (Databreachtoday.in, 2017). SQL Injection Attack SQL infusion assault is for the most part actualized on SQL databases by assailants to take data. It is a code infusion method which is utilized to assault information driven applications. In this assault, evil SQL proclamations are embedded into a passage field for execution. Through SQL infusion assault, aggressors infuse a code into companys database to get to individual and Visa data of clients. It is really a programming content that can pick clients records from databases. In the event that database isn't kept secure by security divisions of business associations, at that point this sort of assault can be effortlessly directed by programmers. In this way, if there should arise an occurrence of Emirates associations, it is obligation of ISIA office to be cautious about these sorts of SQL assaults (Data penetrate movement is deteriorating, 2007). Absence of Encryption Absence of encryption in information stockpiling or moving information over system is a helpless danger for clients. Encryption is a compelling method to scramble information into disjointed structure that is more diligently to figure or comprehend by programmers. On the off chance that designers and security specialists won't be cautious about encryption of databases data at that point odds of hacking will be expanded. If there should arise an occurrence of above organizations, absence of encryption was likewise a significant danger for data security danger. The carriers business comprises of touchy information into its databases. Consequently, encryption of this touchy information is required. Obsolete Security Software Obsolete security programming considers a data security danger in light of the fact that obsolete programming can't keep up security of data for long time that is put away into it. Any vindictive code can be tainted this product effectively and it is hard to recognize that issue in obsolete programming arrangements. Emirates Airlines must be cautious about standard updates of programming arrangements. Something else, above issues can be looked by this organization. These are significant dangers of data security and protection that I have checked on in security episodes that are occurred in most recent two years. Presently in next portion of this report, we will accentuate on ways that can be utilized to conquer these dangers. Approaches to Overcome Threats Following are some fundamental approaches to defeat dangers: Propelled Anti-Virus Solutions Encryption Approved Access of Database Firewall Propelled Anti-Virus Solutions The utilization of cutting edge hostile to infection into framework is imperative to get avoidance from infection assaults. In a business association like Emirates, all frameworks ought to be furnished with hostile to infection. Against infection examines entire framework and database dwells into framework to recognize infection and in the wake of deducting infection, it is additionally evacuated by hostile to infection (Greene, 2017). Encryption Encryption is a kind of cryptography that is utilized to scramble information into indistinguishable structure. To keep data from programmers, a large portion of the organizations send data in encoded structure over system, with the goal that programmers can't comprehend this data or can figure. The data security officials of ISIA office must utilize this method for keep up data security (World Economic Forum, 2017). Approved Access of Database In an association, the entrance of secret data ought not be given to each worker. The director of database ought to approach of server and all PCs in association and he ought to likewise conclude that to whom consent of database access ought to be given. The login qualifications of each client should likewise set by overseer. Whenever approved access strategy won't be actualized into database then every representative will attempt to get to significant data and may a few workers attempt to spill data to programmers (Ravelin, 2017). Firewall Firewall is a product that is in-incorporated with working framework. It is utilized to keep framework from undesirable substances. On the off chance that firewall is in on mode and finds an obscure element, at that point it will give ready message to client to mindful about it. In the wake of getting this data, client attempt to obstruct that element by utilizing blocking programming (Densham, 2015). It is a viable to ward off bugs and helpless things from framework. In this manner by utilizing above ways the CISO of ISIA division can keep up security Emirates Airlines data. The data of aircrafts organizations is delicate and should be kept made sure about and classified. Above examined arrangements will give fitting outcomes if these will be actualized appropriately by security specialists, designers and representatives in an association. End After this entire conversation we can say that in this report significant security dangers are examined that can be looked by Emirates aircrafts, if legitimate security won't be kept up for data. Presently, the security dangers experienced by different business associations are in notice of Emirates Airlines and for the sake of this data, association can make vital arrangements to upgrade level of security. It is matter of dependence of clients on an association in regards to security of their data. Along these lines, business associations must do every single likely exertion to keep this trust. References GTN SCS. (2017). Top 10 Threats to Information Security. [online] Available at: https://scsonline.georgetown.edu/programs/experts innovation the executives/assets/top-dangers to-data innovation [Accessed 11 Apr. 2017]. Forbes.com. (2017). Forbes Welcome. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/destinations/quora/2015/12/31/the-best 10-security-breaks of-2015/9/#bd0f3cef78c3 [Accessed 11 Apr. 2017]. Kuranda, S. (20

Annotating Photos Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Commenting on Photos - Essay Example The subsequent photo shows a refining zone with cloud discharges. The zone is de-forested and there is no indication of life in the area. This photograph plainly portrays the impacts of utilization on the earth and the individuals since there are no private houses in the area. The third photo shows the shore line which has being lowed with a sub-marine a good ways off. The coastline additionally gives off an impression of being deforested and dead and it is very prominent that the harbor isn't all around created because of contamination in the area. The forward photo was chosen since it unmistakably portrays an entrenched and created petroleum processing plant in the given district. In refining non-sustainable wellsprings of vitality like petroleum products, the treatment facility radiates brown haze which contaminates the earth by framing corrosive downpour. The fifth photo obviously shows exhaust cloud being created from the emanation of the creation of petroleum products for example oil in oil chambers. The exhaust cloud prompts the arrangement of corrosive downpour which prompts expanded temperatures since heat gathers in air accordingly making it thick and serious. The six photos show vehicles gathering crude materials like sand from the coastline. Two other private vehicles are additionally found in the district. Cars devour non-inexhaustible wellsprings of vitality for example oil which contaminates the earth therefore prompting an Earth-wide temperature boost. The seventh photo shows deforested land with ... The eighth photo shows a raised ocean level. Two cars for example a private van and a shipping lorry are busy working. Utilization of petroleum derivatives via vehicles and different types of creation and handling prompts raised degrees of the environmental temperatures makes ocean waters to vanish. The ninth photo shows a deforested seaside zone with stacks of gathered crude materials for example sand from the coastline. This sand is to be carried away for utilization which prompts brought ocean levels thusly driving down to de-forestation which increments air temperatures. The tenth photo delineates a town abiding/a city with sky scrappers, landmarks, ancient rarities, trains and different types of open and private vehicle. These devour petroleum derivatives particularly oil which lead to contamination consequently influencing perceivability in the locale. The eleventh photo shows an assembling processing plant at the foundation with the closer view being left deforested and with no type of life or human dwelling. Utilization of non-inexhaustible wellsprings of vitality lead to discharge of smoke which influences perceivability and prompts arrangement of corrosive downpour. At long last, the last photo shows a creation production line for example steel works. Nature is deforested and there is no type of life or private dwelling in the district. The creation production line radiates smoke which prompts expanded temperatures in this way a dangerous atmospheric devation which influences the earth unfavorably. Taking photos in Alba was not such a simple and wonderful assignment. The picture taker needed to withstand unfriendly warmth, exhaust cloud, poor perceivability and unwelcoming landscapes. The greater part of the land was abandoned in this way the picture taker could look for help or ask any direction. The picture taker understood that the land in Alba was in such a troubling state and the temperatures

How Learned Optimism Can Improve Your Life

How Learned Optimism Can Improve Your Life Happiness Print Using Learned Optimism in Your Life By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 29, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on December 13, 2019 More in Self-Improvement Happiness Meditation Stress Management Spirituality Holistic Health Inspiration Brain Health Technology Relationships View All In This Article Table of Contents Expand Benefits Optimism vs. Pessimism Origins Can You Learn Optimism? The ABCDE Model Criticisms and Pitfalls View All Back To Top Learned optimism involves developing the ability to view the world from a positive point of view. It is often contrasted with learned helplessness. By challenging negative self-talk and replacing pessimistic thoughts with more positive ones, people can learn how to become more optimistic. Illustration by Brianna Gilmartin, Verywell Benefits There are a number of benefits to becoming a more optimistic person. Some of the many advantages of optimism that researchers have discovered include: Better health outcomes: One study found that people who were more optimistic at age 25 were much healthier later between the ages of 45 and 60 than were their more pessimistic counterparts.Longer lifespan: Studies have shown that optimistic people tend to live longer than pessimists.Lower stress levels: Optimists not only experience less stress, but they also cope with it better. They tend to be more resilient and recover from setbacks more quickly Rather than becoming overwhelmed and discouraged by negative events, they focus on making positive changes that will improve their lives.Higher motivation: Becoming more optimistic can also help you maintain motivation when pursuing goals. When trying to lose weight, for example, pessimists might give up because they believe diets never work. Optimists, on the other hand, are more likely to focus on positive changes they can make that will help them reach their goals.Better mental health: Optimists report higher levels of well-being than p essimists. Research also suggests that teaching learned optimism techniques can significantly reduce depression. In one study, children with risk factors for depression were placed in a training program where they were taught skills related to learned optimism. The results of the study revealed that children with the risk factors were much more likely to show symptoms of moderate to severe depression at a two-year follow-up. However, those who had received training in learned optimism and anti-depression skills were half as likely to develop such symptoms of depression. 5 Unbelievable Facts About Optimists Optimism vs. Pessimism Pessimists tend to believe that bad things are simply bound to happen, that they are at fault, and that negative outcomes will be permanent. Optimists, on the other hand, expect that good things will happen to them. They tend to see setbacks as temporary events caused by circumstances. Rather than giving up or feeling helpless in the face of failure, optimists view it as a challenge that can be overcome or fixed. Optimists and pessimists tend to differ in terms of explanatory style, or how they go about explaining the events that take place in their lives. Key differences in these explanatory styles tend to be centered on: Personalization: When things go wrong, optimists tend to lay the blame on external forces or circumstances. Pessimists, on the other hand, are more likely to blame themselves for the unfortunate events in their lives. At the same time, optimists tend to view good events as being a result of their own efforts, while pessimists link good outcomes to external influences.Permanence: Optimists tend to view bad times as temporary. Because of this, they also tend to be better able to bounce back after failures or setbacks. Pessimists are more likely to see negative events as permanent and unchangeable. This is why they are often more likely to give up when things get tough.Pervasiveness: When optimists experience failure in one area, they do not let it influence their beliefs about their abilities in other areas. Pessimists, however, view setbacks as more pervasive. In other words, if they fail at one thing, they believe they will fail at everything. Research has found that pessimists tend to be in the minority. Most people (estimates have ranged between 60 to 80 percent) tend to be optimists to varying degrees. Origins Learned optimism is a concept that emerged out of the relatively young branch of psychology known as positive psychology. Learned optimism was introduced by psychologist Martin Seligman, who is considered the father of the positive psychology movement. According to Seligman, the process of learning to be optimistic is an important way to help people maximize their mental health and live better lives. Seligman himself has suggested that his work initially focused on pessimism. As a clinical psychologist, he tended to look for problems and how to fix them. It wasnt until a friend pointed out that his work was truly about optimism that he truly began to focus on how to take what was good and make it even better. What Is Behind the Psychology of Positive Thinking? Learned Helplessness Seligmans work early in his career was centered on what is known as learned helplessness, which involves giving up when you believe that nothing you do will make any difference. Explanatory styles play a role in this learned helplessness. How people explain the things that happen to them, whether they view them as being caused by outside or internal forces, contributes to whether people experience this helplessness or not. A New Direction in Psychology As a result of this paradigm shift, Seligman wrote a book focused on the psychology of learned optimism. His work helped inspire the rise of positive psychology. Seligman went on to become the president of the American Psychological Association, elected by the largest vote in the APAs history. His theme for the year centered on the subject of positive psychology. Psychology was only half-formed, he believed. Where there was a solid body of research and practice on how to treat mental illness, trauma, and psychological suffering, the other side that focused on how to be happy and how to live a good life, was only in its infancy. He believed that if people could learn how to become optimistic, they could lead to healthier and happier lives. Can You Learn Optimism? While it may be clear that optimism can be beneficial, it then becomes a question of whether or not people can learn to take a more positive perspective. Can even the most pessimistic of people adjust their worldview? Are People Born Optimists, or Is It a Skill That Can Be Learned?   Researchers suggest that in addition to being partially hereditary, optimism levels are also influenced by childhood experiences, including parental warmth and financial stability. Seligmans work, however, suggests that its possible to learn the skills that can help you become a more optimistic person. Anyone can learn these skills, no matter how pessimistic they are, to begin with. Is There an Optimal Time to Develop This Optimism? Seligmans research suggests that it may be beneficial to teach kids optimism skills late enough in childhood so that kids have the metacognitive skills to think about their own thoughts, but prior to the onset of puberty. Teaching such skills during this critical period might be the key to helping kids ward off a number of psychological maladies, including depression. The ABCDE Model Seligman believes that anyone can learn how to become more optimistic. He developed a learned optimism test designed to help people discover how optimistic they are. People who start out more optimistic can further improve their own emotional health, while those who are more pessimistic can benefit by lowering their chances of experiencing symptoms of depression. Seligmans approach to learning optimism is based upon the cognitive-behavioral techniques developed by Aaron Beck and the rational emotive behavioral therapy created by Albert Ellis. Both approaches are focused on identifying the underlying thoughts that influence behaviors and then actively challenging such beliefs. Seligmans approach is known as the ABCDE model of learned optimism: Adversity is the situation that calls for a responseBelief is how we interpret the eventConsequence is the way that we behave, respond, or feelDisputation is the effort we expend to argue or dispute the beliefEnergization is the outcome that emerges from trying to challenge our beliefs To use this model to learn to be more optimistic: Adversity Think about a recent sort of adversity you have faced. It might be something related to your health, your family, your relationships, your job, or any other sort of challenge you might experience. For example, imagine that you recently started a new exercise plan but you are having trouble sticking with it. Belief Make a note of the type of thoughts that are running through your mind when you think about this adversity. Be as honest as you can and do not try to sugarcoat or edit your feelings. In the previous example, you might think things such as Im no good at following my workout plan, Ill never be able to reach my goals, or Maybe Im not strong enough to reach my goals. Consequence Consider what sort of consequences and behaviors emerged from the beliefs you recorded in step 2. Did such beliefs result in positive actions, or did they keep you from reaching your goals? In our example, you might quickly realize that the negative beliefs you expressed made it more difficult to stick with your workout plan. Perhaps you started skipping workouts more or put in less of an effort when you went to the gym. Dispute Dispute your beliefs. Think about your beliefs from step 2 and look for examples that prove those beliefs wrong. Look for any example that challenges your assumptions. For example, you might consider all of the times that you did successfully finish your workout. Or even other times that you have set a goal, worked towards it and finally reached it. Energization Consider how you feel now that you have challenged your beliefs. How did disputing your earlier beliefs make you feel? After thinking of times you have worked hard toward your goal, you may be left feeling more energized and motivated. Now that you have seen that it isnt as hopeless as you previously believed, you may be more inspired to keep working on your goals. Learning Optimism May Take Time Remember, this is an ongoing process that you may need to repeat often. When you find yourself facing a challenge, make an effort to follow these steps. Eventually, you will find it easier to identify pessimistic beliefs and to challenge your negative thoughts. This process may also eventually help you replace your negative thoughts and approach challenges with greater optimism. Criticisms Potential Pitfalls Some critics have argued that some learned optimism training programs are less about teaching people to become more optimistic and more about reducing pessimism. Other researchers believe that explanatory styles may actually have less to do with optimism than previously believed. Other research has also suggested that optimism might also have a negative side. People who are overly and perhaps unrealistically optimistic may be prone to narcissism. Having an optimism bias can also lead people to take healthy risks and engage in risky behaviors because they underestimate their own level of danger. While some research has pointed to potential pitfalls of being overly or unrealistically optimistic, most studies have supported the idea that there is a positive connection between optimism and overall health. Optimism, for example, is a predictor for better physical health as people grow older. A Word From Verywell Perhaps the most encouraging thing about optimism is that it involves skills that can be learned and put into practice. Ultimately, learned optimism is about more than just improving your well-being or warding off psychological ailments such as depression or low self-esteem. Seligman suggests that it can also be a route to finding your purpose in life. Optimism is invaluable for a meaningful life. With a firm belief in a positive future you can throw yourself into the service of that which is larger than you are, he explains.

Declaration of Independence and the Beginning of Womens...

Over two centuries ago, a document was written that announced the independence of the thirteen colonies from Great Britain. That document, The Declaration of Independence, indicated that a new country was born, oppression in the New World would come to an end and new-found individual freedoms for citizens of America would become a reality. Thomas Jefferson ideals expressed in The Declaration of Independence was a stepping stone to the foundation of America. Many of Jefferson’s ideals expressed his concern for equality and liberty. The ideals he expressed in The Declaration of independence such as â€Å"We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal† (392), â€Å"all men have unalienable rights; that among these are life,†¦show more content†¦Rowland notes that 80 percent of the women who had jobs wanted to keep them rather than return to their women’s work. (79) Thereafter, once soldiers started to reemerge into the workfor ce, women’s issues with the government controlling what jobs women can or cannot have started reappearing shortly thereafter. The 21st century would bring a new surge towards equal rights for women. Issues such as abortion and reproductive rights, wage rights and discrimination based on gender, are just a few of the issues women are facing in the 21st century. The National Organization for Women reports women should have access reproductive health and family planning services, including abortion. Abolishing the ability for women to access those health services violates a â€Å"fundamental human right† notes NOW. According to NOW, a severe and continuing shortage of family planning services and contraceptive products leads to an estimated 76 million unplanned pregnancies worldwide, according to the U.N. Population Fund (2005). Not granting these services to women leaves them at a huge risk. 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Marketing Plan For A Company Essay - 1286 Words

Introduction Your company revolves in a product market, which means you offer goods or services and have to compete with your competitors for customers. The good that your company offers, motherboards, are popular in the electronics industry. Based on the reputation that your company’s product is basically flawless, you already charge a higher price than some of your competitors. Part of what comes with higher priced item, is quality of the item and wonderful customer service. Based on the size of your company, you do not pay your employees as much as your large competitor. We suggest you change this, as you have a wonderful team, some of which are unhappy with their current pay. After conducting a benchmarking study, our suggestion to you is minimal base salary increases for some, and a minimal incentive program for others. Your salary will suffer slightly at first; however, included in this is the creation of a marketing plan to focus on obtaining new clients in new fields, which will increase overall profit for the company. For your employees, they will feel that their concerns were addressed and show how much they are valued by you. Let’s begin our proposal with John Inves, as he is essential to the success of your business. While we agree that you can run your company without him, we do not advise this. As part of your business, John is your most valuable employee, as well as your biggest asset. As not part of your business, John would be your biggestShow MoreRelatedMarketing Plan For The Company1489 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Lululemon is a company that has based itself around a value proposition of ethical production, healthy living and quality athletic gear designed to encourage and support an active lifestyle (Lululemon, 2014). 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Marketing Plan The location of the planned Noodles and company franchise in Mississauga is a center for multiculturalism and different cuisines, therefore it will be marketed as a restaurant that satisfies tastes from around the globe. Furthermore, as a developing urban center for workers and students, the restaurant will secondarily be marketed as a fast casual restaurant for people looking for a fast, healthy, and cheap meal. The current marketing strategy for Noodles and Company is not

Martin Luther King Essay Free Essays

Speeches in which this is observed include â€Å"I Have A Dream† by Martin Luther King and â€Å"The Gettysburg Address† by Abraham Lincoln which have been valued and remembered throughout time as being historically influential and valued, as such, as they use the values of their time and audience to inspire, persuade and unite the public with their message. Martin Luther King electrified America with his pivotal speech, dramatically delivered from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington DC in 1963, sharing his dream of a new future for black and white people before more than 200,000 people. King, part of an extensive black movement, challenged the white Americans to extend genuine freedom to his people and drew on all his powers to inspire black Americans to believe in such freedom for themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Martin Luther King Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The key message from the speech was, and is, that all people are created equal and, although not the case in America at the time, King felt it must be the case in the future which is why this text is valued still, even today. Abraham Lincoln, the American president at the time delivered his speech at the Gettysburg Cemetery during the heart of the civil war in 1863. This was to honour and dedicate the new cemetery to the soldiers who had died in the recent Battle of Gettysburg which was pivotal in the American Civil War. The quality of patriotism is seen in Lincoln’s allusion to the Declaration of Independence and constant references to democratic ideals. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Martin Luther Kings’ â€Å"I have a dream†¦. † speech is one of the most memorable speech’s of all time but why? In thi s essay we’ll have a look at why it’s such an effective speech. In the speech, King especially likes to use repetition and metaphors to convey his ideas. These devices are the foundation of King’s unique and effective style. Anaphora and repetition are commonly used in Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I have a dream†¦. † speech because repeating the words and phrases helps to emphasise the pattern and increase the rhetorical effect. â€Å"I have a dream†¦ † is repeated in eight successive sentences, and is one of the most often cited examples of anaphora in modern speeches. Repetition is a good device to use to strengthen an important idea. He uses and repeats the words dream, because it is such a personal and deep commodity. The phrases he adds to the end of this representation are also very personal. This is so effectual because the target audience of this speech can see these visualizations become reality. Even now, over 30 years after his death, reading through the speech gives the reader a sense that things are not complete, and that King still has a dream. If you count the frequency of words used in King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream†, very interesting patterns emerge. The most commonly used noun is freedom, which is used twenty times in the speech. This makes sense, since freedom is one of the primary themes of the speech. A metaphor is a very effective way to illustrate an idea. King uses many metaphors, both large and small, to describe many different ideas. â€Å"In a sense we have come to our nation’s capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men would be guaranteed the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. It is obvious†¦ How to cite Martin Luther King Essay, Essay examples

Contemporary ICT and Engineering Issues Bi-Modal IT

Question: Discuss about theContemporary ICT and Engineering Issuesfor Bi-Modal IT. Answer: Bi-Modal IT an Introduction Bi-modal IT is the practice that refers to the management of IT delivery using two modes in an amalgamated manner. The first mode focuses upon stability and is a traditional mode that comprises of sequence of defined steps and ensures safety and accuracy. The second mode focuses upon agility and is non-linear, process based in nature that emphasizes upon agility and speed. Bi-modal IT differs from other IT governance models in terms of agility. The other models do not have this element and are based upon the pre-defined steps and phases which are currently finding it difficult to deal with the continuous changes and risks. Bi-model IT, however, can efficiently respond to the changing nature of digital business by following an ad-hoc approach through its focus on the agility and also delivers the services quickly along with required accuracy. Thus, it fits perfectly in the world of digital business (Gartner IT Glossary 2016). A Case Study of Bi-Modal IT Melbourne IT Enterprise Services is an organization that adapted to the modes defined under bi-modal IT in order to maintain the pace with the digital disruptions. There were a number of instances that allowed Melbourne IT to deliver on time with the aid of bi-modal IT model. One such instance was when the biggest giant in the field of online retailing had to move to a new hosting platform with the introduction of cloud services in the digital world. Melbourne IT was able to deliver the designs and implementation of a new managed cloud platform in a short period of time. The entire project was completed in less than a period of 12 weeks for the online retailer and even lesser for Melbourne IT. Popular Agile Methodologies A few agile methods are discussed below. Adaptive Software Development is based on rapid application development (RAD). Speculation, collaboration and learning cycles are the main aspects of ASD. Speculation is the applied method during the initial phase. Collaboration comprises of extending the initial model to unexplored situations. The faults are examined during the learning phase to understand the mistakes. Agile Unified Process is based on rational unified process (RUP). Inception, elaboration, construction and transition are steps followed in AUP. An initial sketch of the model is structured during inception, which is followed by validating the structure in the elaboration phase. The model is designed in detail during the construction phase and during the transition phase, the model is finally deployed (Ambysoft.com 2016). In Scrum, the product owner specifies a number of tasks. The scrum team followed by the scrum master selects a few tasks based on priority and works on it. The work is reviewed daily, in a process called sprint. Once the product with the selected functionality is developed it is shipped and new tasks are selected to work on after a retrospection of the developed product (Scrumalliance.org 2016). All the agile methodologies are based on the same structure: initial draft, followed by the structure and then implementation. Hence, the different agile methodologies can be mixed. The iterative method is one aspect of agile method that can be easily incorporated into traditional methods. Mixing of other agile methodologies with traditional approaches is also possible. However, the ad hoc nature of agile process contrasts the planned approach of traditional methods (Agilemethodology.org. 2016). Case Study of an Organization The Danish Business Authority or ERST adopted agile methods for its digital transformation. ERST is responsible for regulating policies framed by the Ministry of Business and Growth in Denmark. The corporation took the decision for digital transformation in 2009. The company initially started following the Waterfall model. Requirement gathering took more time than anticipated. Member of the development team were unable to come to consensus. As the waterfall model does not allow proceeding to next stage without the completion of the previous stage, all of the implementation was came to a standstill. Gradually, the project came to a halt and the company took to agile methods, following this standstill. The product was envisioned, keeping the customer in mind. This approach simplified the process of requirement analysis. The project was partitioned into a number of manageable components and the architecture was developed to enable gradual changes. The company outsourced its project components to multiple partners for competitiveness and best products. The project development was greatly simplified and the time involved in the project was greatly reduced (McKinsey Company 2016). Short Notes on Few Terms Outsourcing is the process of transferring work outside the company to reduce production cost, consequently increasing profit. However, outsourcing decreases control over the development of the product takes more time in communication and jeopardizes companys security. In-sourcing is the process of assigning a project inside the company, instead of transferring it outside the company. As the project remains inside the company, its development can be controlled. Moreover the process is handled by employees, who understands the requirements of the company. However the company loses options to choose the best product. Multi-sourcing is the process of using the optimal combination of insourcing from and outsourcing to more than one groups in order to achieve business goals. Multisourcing provide the most efficient methodologies in theory. The division of project into fragments and the handling of fragments by possibly unrelated groups, makes the methodology unviable. Adaptive sourcing is the process by which vendors and customers work on a single project throughout the product lifecycle adapting the product to changing technology needs, which helps in keeping the project with the same developers and increases cost effectiveness. However, keeping the product with the same people reduces its innovative development. Shared service is the provision of sharing the services of a service provider. Sharing services reduces cost but the quality of service received might be degraded. Multiple sourcing approaches can be applied depending on a requirement, which in turn complicates management. More than one sourcing method can be applied depending on requirement, availability of resource and business goals. Case Study on IT Outsourcing Danish Business Authority based in Denmark applied outsourcing in the process of digitization. The company outsourced its software development to four companies instead of one. The company wanted to increase its revenues by endorsing competition between its vendors to obtain the best product at optimum cost. The rationale behind the strategy was to provide the development of succeeding modules to the bidder who understands the project and is willing to put effort in creating the best product. This proposal served as a motivation for producers to overinvest in the development, which increased their understanding of the product and consequently develop products that were easy to expand. Outsourcing can prove cost effective if it is applied, keeping the requirements of the company in perspective. Exploring the options of outsourcing available also serves as a benefactor. To be specific, the business to be outsourced should be considered as commodity that vendors sale. Mobility and Success of Digital Business Increase in the number of mobile devices shifted the focus of digital business to these devices. Mobile devices provide access to business irrespective of location. This accessibility increases the number of visits made to a site. Online payment option increases the sale of the company and more so when the options are available online. Availability of mobile devices broadens the scope of customer service. Companies are putting in efforts to build services and applications that work on devices like mobile phones and tablets. The ability to access a customers personal device(s) enables companies to customize the data or information that is presented to a customer. Customer specific data increases the customer satisfaction and yields better output. Impact of Mobile Application Development Mobile application development provides a number of advantages over traditional method. The traditional method either consisted of manual reports or limited and confined access to resources. Mobility resolves this issue by providing easier, faster and efficient accessibility to business using mobile devices. Mobility demands restructuring of the current enterprise methodologies to include mobility. Web developers are an integral part of business and the developers should be able to adapt themselves with the changing technological need. From a security standpoint, the simplest issue will be a stolen mobile that compromises customers data. Depending on the complexity of the app and the range of affected customers situations vary. New York, Penton media, and many more organizations are trying to include support for mobile devices. Case Study of a Jurisdiction Responding to Digital Disruption Digital disruption is a type of technology disruption in which an organization adopts newer technologies and consequently its competitors are compelled to do the same. This process causes considerable changes in the way business works and new methods are incorporated. Danish Business Authority is entitled with the registration of new companies in Denmark and implementation of policies designed by Ministry of Business and Growth. The organization faced considerable issues during digitization of its functioning. The organization initially adopted the waterfall model to design its product; the progress of the product stalled due to inherent difficulties in waterfall model. The enterprise took to agile methods and introduced changes in its development method. The developed product was cost effective and was developed faster. The government of United Kingdom took similar initiatives (Brown, Fishenden and Thompson 2014). References Agilemethodology.org. (2016). The Agile Movement. [online] Available at: https://agilemethodology.org/ [Accessed 26 Oct. 2016]. Ambysoft.com. (2016). The Agile Unified Process (AUP) Home Page. [online] Available at: https://www.ambysoft.com/unifiedprocess/agileUP.html [Accessed 26 Oct. 2016]. Brown, A., Fishenden, J. and Thompson, M., 2014.Digitizing Government: Understanding and Implementing New Digital Business Models. Springer. Gartner IT Glossary. (2016). What is Bimodal IT? See Gartner's IT Glossary For The Answer. [online] Available at: https://www.gartner.com/it-glossary/bimodal/ [Accessed 26 Oct. 2016]. McKinsey Company. (2016). From waterfall to agile: How a public agency launched new digital services. [online] Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/digital-mckinsey/our-insights/from-waterfall-to-agile-how-a-public-agency-launched-new-digital-services [Accessed 26 Oct. 2016]. Scrumalliance.org. (2016). What is Scrum? An Agile Framework for Completing Complex Projects - Scrum Alliance. [online] Available at: https://www.scrumalliance.org/why-scrum [Accessed 26 Oct. 2016].

Bajaj Competitive Analysis free essay sample

Competitor analysis is an essential component of corporate strategy. It is argued that most firms do not conduct this type of analysis systematically enough. Instead, many enterprises operate on what is called â€Å"informal impressions, conjectures, and intuition gained through the titbits of information about competitors every manager continually receives. † As a result, traditional environmental scanning places many firms at risk of dangerous competitive blind spots due to a lack of robust competitor analysis SCENARIO OF INDIAN TWO WHEELER MARKET The Indian two-wheeler (2W) industry recorded sales volumes of 13. 4 million units in 2011-12, a growth of 14. 0% over the previous year. In a year wherein growth in other automobile segments particularly, passenger vehicle (PV) and medium amp; heavy commercial vehicle (Mamp;HCV), slowed down to single digits marred by demand slowdown due to northward movement of inflation, fuel prices and interest rates the 14% growth recorded by the 2W industry remained steady. We will write a custom essay sample on Bajaj Competitive Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, the momentum in the 2W industry’s volume growth too has been losing steam lately as evident from the relatively lower volume growth of 11. 0% recorded in H2, 2011-12 (YoY) against a growth of 17. 1% recorded in H1, 2011-12 (YoY). The deceleration in growth is largely attributable to the motorcycles segment which grew at a much lower rate of 7. 8% (YoY) in H2, 2011-12 vis-a-vis 16. 4% in H1, 2011-12; even as the scooters segment continued to post 20%+ (YoY) expansion during oth halves of the last fiscal. With this, the share of the scooters segment in the domestic 2W industry volumes increased to 19. 1% in 2011-12 from 17. 6% in 2010-11. Overall, ICRA expects the domestic 2W industry to report a volume growth of 8-9% in 2012-13 as base effect catches up with the industry that has demonstrated a strong volume expansion over the last three years at cumulative annual growth rate (CAGR) of 21. 8%. Over the medium term, the 2W industry is expected to report a volume CAGR of 9-11% to reach a size of 24-26 million units (domestic + exports) by 2016-17, as we believe the various structural positives associated with the domestic 2W industry including favourable demographic profile, moderate 2W penetration levels (in relation to several other emerging markets), under developed public transport system, growing urbanization, strong replacement demand and moderate share of financed purchases remain intact BAJAJ AUTO LIMITED Bajaj Auto Limited is an Indian motorized vehicle-producing company. Bajaj Auto is a part of  Bajaj Group. Its founded by  Jamnalal Bajaj at  Rajasthan  in the 1930s. It is based in  Pune,  Maharashtra, with plants in  Chakan  (Pune), Waluj (near  Aurangabad) and  Pantnagar  in  Uttaranchal. The oldest plant at Akurdi (Pune) now houses the Ramp;D centre Ahead. Bajaj Auto makes and exports  automobiles, scooters,  motorcycles  and the  auto rickshaw. Bajaj Auto is the worlds third-largest manufacturer of motorcycles and second-largest in India. The  Forbes Global 2000  list for the year 2005 ranked Bajaj Auto at 1,946. It features at 1639 in Forbes 2011 list. Over the last decade, the company has successfully changed its image from a scooter manufacturer to a two-wheeler manufacturer. Its product range encompasses, scooters and motorcycles. Its real growth in numbers has come in the last four years after successful introduction of a few models in the motorcycle segment. The company is headed by  Rahul Bajaj  who is worth more than US$1. 5 billion. Bajaj Auto came into existence on 29 November 1945 as M/s Bachraj Trading Corporation Private Limited. It started off by selling imported two- and three-wheelers in India. In 1959, it obtained license from the  Government of India  to manufacture two- and three-wheelers and it went public in 1960. In 1970, it rolled out its 100,000th vehicle. In 1977, it managed to produce and sell 100,000 vehicles in a single financial year. In 1985, it started producing at Waluj near  Aurangabad. In 1986, it managed to produce and sell 500,000 vehicles in a single financial year. In 1995, it rolled out its ten millionth vehicle and produced and sold one million vehicles in a year. MARKETING STRATEGIES The focus of Bajaj Auto Limited off late has been on providing the best of the class models at competitive prices. Most of the bajaj come loaded with the latest features within the price band acceptable by the market. Bajaj auto limited has been the pioneer in stretching competition into providing latest features in the price segment by updating the low price bikes with the latest features like disk brakes, anti skid technology and dual suspension ,etc. Bajaj Auto Limited adopted different marketing strategies for different models, few of them are discussed below: CALIBER: The focus for caliber 115 was youth. And though bajaj made the bike look bigger and feel more powerful than its predecessor( characteristics that will attract the average,25 plus ,executive segment bike buyer). So the teaser campaing and the emphasis on Caliber 115 being a â€Å"hoodibaba â€Å" bike placed it as trendy motorcycle for the college goers and the 25 plus executives both at the same time . PULSAR: Pulsar was launched in direct competition to Hero Honda’s CBZ model in 150cc segment. The campaign beard innovative punch line of â€Å"Definitely Male† positioning Pulsar to be a masculine looking model with an appeal to the performance sensitive customers. It comes in five varieties Bajaj Pulsar 125 cc , Bajaj Pulsar 150 cc, Bajaj Pulsar 180 cc, Bajaj Pulsar 200 cc, Bajaj Pulsar 220 cc. And price ranging between Rs. 55,000 to Rs. 95,000. DISCOVER: The bajaj discover have two variants 110 cc and 135cc engine . Bajaj discover targets the middle class two wheeler consumers with bajaj bike prices ranging from Rs. 46,000 to Rs. 55,000. It is easy to control and prove to be a good choice . AVENGER: Bajaj Avenger(DTSi) offers the ultimate cruiser experience. Offering high stability and long cruising delights. Bajaj Avenger(DTSi) possesses wider saddle seat. Special backrest besides 180 cc powerful engine. It is targeted at the upper-middle class bike lovers. It is priced at around Rs. 70,000. PLATINA: It is the leader in mileage amp; Looks in the 100 cc class. The bike has a plush ride without sacrificing handling. It was launched in april 2006 at an ex showroom price of Rs. 36,000 and crossed sales of 500,000 units within 8 months of its launch. And later in 2008 Platina 125 DTS-Si was launched with considerable amount of sales . SWOT ANALYSIS The Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats of the Bajaj Auto ltd are discussed below:- Strengths: 1. Highly experienced management 2. Product design and development capabilities 3. Extensive Ramp;D focus 4. Widespread distribution network 5. High performance products in all categories 6. High economies of scale Weakness: 1. Still has no established brand to match Hero Honda’s splendor in commuter segment 2. Not a global player in spite of huge volumes 3. Not a globally recognizable brand Threats: 1. The competition catches up any new innovation in no time 2. Margins getting squeezed from both the directions (price amp; cost) 3. Threat of cheap and non genuine spare parts in the market Opportunities: 1. Double digit growth in the two wheeler market 2. Untapped market above 180 cc in motorcycles 3. Growing world demand for entry level motorcycles Especially in the emerging markets . Competitors HERO MOTOCORP: Hero MotoCorp was started in 1984 as Hero Honda Motors Ltd. Hero Motocorp Ltd. formerly  Hero Honda  is an Indian  motorcycle  and  scooter  manufacturer based in  New Delhi ,india. Hero Honda started in 1984 as a joint venture between  hero Cycles  of India and  Honda  of Japan. The company is the largest two wheeler manufacturer in India. The 2006 Forbes 200 Most Respected companies list has Hero Honda Motors ranked at 108. The technology in the bikes of hero Honda for almost 26 years (1984 – 2010) has come from the Japanese counterpart Honda . It enjoys the highest market share. SWOT ANALYSIS: Strength:1. Highest market share of about 40% of the total market . 2. Resale value of the products are high 3. Brand image of producing fuel efficient bikes like splendour 4. It has the most number of dealers and showrooms compared To its competitors Weakness: 1. 150 cc bikes are yet to create impact on the market 2. Didn’t patent the DTSi technology launched with Ambition 3. Ramp;D is not close to the Hero Manufacturing plant. Opportunities: 1. Global Expansion into Carribbean and Central America 2. Expansion of target market including wemen. Threats: 1. FDI announced by Indian govt. n automobile industry. 2. Increase in Price of petrol, steel and automobile. TVS: TVS Motor Company is the third largest two wheeler manufacturer in India and is among the world’s top ten . It is the flagship company of the parent TVS group employing over 40,000 people with an estimated 15 million customers across the globe . It is India’s only two wheeler company to have won the deming prize award for commitment to quality control, received in 2002. TVS motors is credited with many innovations in the Indian market, notable among them being the introduction of india’s first two-seater moped. It enjoys a moderate market share in India . SWOT ANALYSIS: Strength: 1. Wide distribution network. 2. Dominates the market in South India 3. It has got excellent monitoring system Weakness: 1. Regional dependency in south india Opportunities:1. Not much presence in the market of other players Threats : 1. Major competitors like Hero motocorp and Bajaj are Better known. GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION ASSIGNMENT ON COMPETITOR ANALYSIS OF BAJAJ AUTO

Aphra Behns Oroonoko Essays

Aphra Behns Oroonoko Essays Aphra Behns Oroonoko Paper Aphra Behns Oroonoko Paper Essay Topic: Literature This extract, from Aphra Behns controversial Oroonoko, presents the princes reaction to his capture after a slave uprising is foiled and he is apprehended. Since Behn is writing in a third person narrative, something which can be limiting, I will be discussing the way in which in she exposes his mental agony through use of linguistic devices, punctuation and structure. I will also be contemplating how Behns use of binary opposites and narrative, which are developed throughout the novel, entwine and unite to reveal a deeper meaning with in the text. The portrayal of this emotional experience is developed in a number of ways and builds an engrossing portrait of his volatile mental state. It also confirms a number of moral themes which Behn has highlighted throughout the novel. One aspect which is initially striking, is the extracts structure. The whole item is made up of two sections, each of which is constructed from one complex compound sentence. Each sentence is extensive and includes several semicolons. Behn begins each paragraph with an introductory statement. In the first, this is as follows: Caesar told him, there was no Faith in the White Men, or the Gods they Adord. She then uses the punctuation to create a list of why this is so; be it because of their Principles so false or that they profess[ed] so much (and) perform[ed] so little. In doing this Behn is able to do two things. Firstly, Oroonokos anti-Christian thought (he could never be reconcild with our notions of the trinity1) come to an explosive release, with the reader experiencing the extent of his views for the first time. This outpour is important as Behn has only allowed glimpses of him from a removed perspective it creates a new depth of closeness, which makes his capture all the more distressing. Behn is also able to give the reader a sense of Oroonokos mental state. The list-like structure of the paragraph and the pauses suggested by the punctuation seem to slow the thought process down. This creates a sense of a calm outrage and disgust which is slightly disconcerting. Interestingly, Behn makes it clear that he is angrier with the slaves. In this second paragraph there are numerous, highly derogatory adjectives and phrases used to describe them. Behn separates these using commas; this gives the impression that they are being said in quick succession, and suggest the character is feeling more inflamed here: Dogs, treacherous cowardly, fit for such masters. It is clear he feels the blame is with them and he cannot forgive their cowardice. Behn uses a number of important linguistic devices to heighten and reinforce Oroonokos emotional state here. She juxtaposes plosives and frictives through out the exerpt, placing soft sibilance and hard consonants in close proximity. This is particularly present in the second paragraph as he says Slaves, poor, wretched Rogues, fit to be used as Christians Tools. The repeated s and f sounds slow the sentence down. This combined with the hard r, d, ch and t sounds, which cut the languid frictives short creates the sense that he is spitting the words out. She also includes alliteration and repitition of plosive p, r and w sounds throughout the extract: People professed performed, wretched Rogue, one word. Bhen also uses enjambment to stress the extent of Oroonokos distrust of Christians: ternally on his guard, and / never to eat or drink with Christians. The enjambment breaks up the line at and which really highlights the word never. These devices are important and act in furthring the rage and repugnance felt by Oroonoko towards his Christian friends and his slave army. Another aspect to which I have paid close attention is Behns use of capital letters. She has capitalized a number words throughout the excerpt, ma ny of which stand within sentences. This suggests that she has put certain emphasis on them and wishes the reader to take note. Many of the words have certain moral or ideological associations which, in the context, cannot be ignored: Faith, Gods, Principals, Honour, Action. Above, I have selected words which hold positive connotations, however there are also those which suggest the opposite: Rashness, Rogues, Weapons, White Men, Masters and Christians. They can, in fact, be grouped into a number of contrasting concepts, such as: moral or immoral, strength and weakness, good and bad, right and wrong. These paradoxes are significant for a number of reasons. Firstly, they act in enhancing the moral weight of what is taking place. They are there to highlight notions of injustice and immorality present in the very nature of the slave trade and are mirrored in the treatment of Oroonoko throughout the novel and within the extract: They fed him with promises and delayd him. The word fed suggests some sort of falsehood or trickery is being performed, that he is a unknowingly being fed lies. They say they respect him yet treat him like a fool. The concepts featured in this extract are also important as they come to mirror Oroonoko himself a character who is constructed almost entirely through Behns use of binary opposition. He is set up as the Royal slave from the very beginning. This is furthered through out the novel as he becomes a friend and foe. He agrees with European value systems (coupled with his Roman features) yet is, fundamentally, African. He is civilised yet savage, a noble and a rebel. He is not a symbol of ethnic superiority by any means but is set up as a model of absolute virtue, isolated in a politically and socially corrupt environment2. It is through him that Behn is able to project the moral messages which pervades the narrative, and this extract. Behn claims in the foreword of the novel that she herself was an eye witenss to a great part, of what you will find set down. The truth in this claim has been the centre of heated debate since its publication, with some even going on to argue that she paved the way for the modern realist genre3.. Regardless of whether her truth claim is genuine or not, it has a particular affect on the reader. We are generally inclined to have a greater level empathy with a characters plight if we believe it to be true (here I use believe in the sense that we are making belief possible as a reader, who is reading). This is certainly true in Oroonoko and plays an important part in the novels structure, which is centred around binary opposition and the unreliable narrator. Through out Oroonoko Behn employs a third person narrative. Whilst this can be liberating for a writer, enabling complex plots and point of view changes, it can also be extremely limiting to other key aspects of a novel. It could be argued that Behn has created and unreliable narrator, whos gender and status with in the novel render her unable to tell the story objectively. It is clear that she enjoys Oroonokos company and revels in the attention he gives her: my self hed call Great Mistress indeed my word would go a great way with him. It is also true that her sympathies lie with him throughout, particularly as Oroonoko is betrayed to slavery: Some have commended this act, as brave, in the Captain; but I will spare my sense of it. Despite this, she is unable to call him a friend. She creates almost hyperbolic descriptions of the Royal slave throughout and often associates him with words that connote the artistic: his skin, a perfect ebony, his eyes and teeth eing like snow. Such admiration cannot be present in a mutual friendship, as she appears to see him as an object of desire. Being white and the daughter of a governor she colludes in his enslavement, threatening him with confinement if he should give them reason to Fear him. He is also dangerous. Because of this she is unable to truly understand and accept Oroonoko. This is where Behns use of the third tense becomes truly important. Because of this, the reader is at a removed perspective, and is therefore unable to reconcile Oroonokos true feelings with the events that take place. The depth of his character suffers as result and Behn must employ binary opposites to make up for this. Behn was clearly a gifted woman and writer who, as Felix Shelling said, catered habitually to the lowest and most depraved of human inclinations. Whilst I have never read her other works, this is clearly the case in Oroonoko. She uses numerous devices throughout the novel to suggest a deeper moral message, all of which culminates in the extract I have focused on in this essay. Her masterful grasp on narrative technique and linguistic devices, have enabled Behn to convey a genre bending tale of romance, travel and tradgedy. She creates an unreliable narrator, who we begin to question and powerfully reveals the paradoxical nature of the slave trade through a simple system of binary opposties. Behn creates a dewy ecosphere in the readers mind which dares us to question the British way of life in the seventeenth century; Religion and Imperialism. It is these aspects which enable us to decipher her tale as a profoundly important one, one which questions the moral code concerning slavery and those who perpetuate it.

Nuclear Energy and the Environment Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nuclear Energy and the Environment - Article Example It is worth mentioning that the government of the US, both at Federal and State levels, has formulated and implemented few regulations in order to protect the environment from the lethal consequences of nuclear energy production. The US had 104 commercial nuclear reactors located in different regions of the country, which supplies nearly 20% of its total electricity requirements. However, it cannot be denied that the radioactive emissions released during the process of nuclear energy production are indeed life-threatening, accompanied with water pollution and air pollution, often accounted for causing early aging and cancer like diseases. It other words, radioactive emissions seriously disrupt the overall balance of the ecosystem. The threat associated with the nuclear fission reaction, in terms of radioactive emissions has not been limited to the US only but has emerged as a serious problem across the globe. The recent incidents in Japan’s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plan t that occurred in March 2011, owing to the catastrophic earthquake and tsunami, have extensively raised questions regarding the environmental safety of nuclear plants. This particular occurrence in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant has underscored many of the safety arguments advocated against establishing a nuclear plant. It can be number of incidents where environment and lives of human beings were under severe threat due to the nuclear disaster before the accident of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant occurred... However, it cannot be denied that the radioactive emissions released during the process of nuclear energy production are indeed life-threatening, accompanied with water pollution and air pollution, often accounted for causing early aging and cancer like diseases. It other words, radioactive emissions seriously disrupt the overall balance of eco-system2. The threat associated with the nuclear fission reaction, in terms of radioactive emissions has not been limited to the US only, but has emerged as a serious problem across the globe. The recent incidents in Japan’s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant that occurred in March 2011, owing to the catastrophic earthquake and tsunami,  have extensively raised questions regarding the environment safety of nuclear plants. This particular occurrence in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant has underscored many of the safety arguments advocated against establishing a nuclear plant3. It can be number of incidents where environment and lives of human beings were under severe threat due to the nuclear disaster, before the accident of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant occurred. The US has also witnessed nuclear disaster over the last decades. Accordingly, it has been ascertained that the nuclear power plant have laid significant impacts on the nearby areas in the form of water pollution, air pollution and radioactive waste generation4. DIABLO CANYON POWER PLANT IN CALIFORNIA AND ENVIRONMENT Diablo Canyon Power Plant (DCPP) is a nuclear power plant located at Avila Beach in San Luis Obispo region of California in USA. This plant generates nuclear energy to meet the electricity demand for millions of customers. DCPP supplies nearly 9.3% of California’s

Histology Detective Case Resolution Template Study - 1

Histology Detective Resolution Template - Case Study Example The body also has prevention and fighting agents, such as platelets blood turbulence, T cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells that kill moving cancer cells. However, the majority of breast cancer cells are able to pass and endure the condition to a destination (maybe due to short distance). The cells are breast cancer-oriented and treatment should be tied source, not the destination. The lung cancer identified is a product of breast cancer cells metastasis and the solution should be source oriented. Expected observations are that the patient has earlier been diagnosed with breast cancer and treatment was not successful, or he/she is suffering from breast cancer too (OCF Inc 1-2). Study of breast cancer cells properties and knowledge of cancer cells such as primary and secondary cancer formed the basis of my assessment and conclusion. Implementation of different strategies and resources such as breast cancer diagnosis first then proceeding to lung cells testing would be applicable. Baba, Alecsandru I, and Cornel Cătoi. Comparative Oncology. Bucharest: The Publishing House of the Romanian Academy, 2007. Print. Chapter 3: Tumor Cell morphology. Accessed from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9553/ Bunyaratavej, Philippa. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins Secreted by Breast Cancer Cells Upregulate Bone Sialoprotein Expression in Preosteoblast Cells: A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment ... for the Degree of Master of Science. , 2000.

Algeria, A North African Country

Algeria, A North African Country Algeria, as a North African country, is a multilingual nation with one official language, namely Modern Standard Arabic henceforth MSA and more than two foreign languages French, English, Spanish, etc. It is a country whose teaching-learning contributions and interests are now in how to improve foreign languages for specific purposes particularly English so as to prove its position or status as a powerful and important country across the globe. Today, the role of English as a foreign language (henceforth EFL) in the world is influenced by many factors such as business, cultural, political and educational factors. The latter is the main factor which plays, now, strongly a major role to pull a lot of attention in the decision of the Algerian educational authorities to know how to deal with the positive qualities EFL has in undertaking methods and approaches as parts of reforms in order to improve and enhance English teaching and learning as it is in developed countries. Therefore, the questions to be raised, here, concerns basically how to deal with the qualities EFL has with non-native speakers, what significant scientific contribution EFL gives to the country (Algeria), and what the suggested approaches and methods the Algerian educational authorities make to enhance and work on English Language Teaching are. ELT (English Language Teaching) in Algeria was denied and insignificant before the independence in comparison with French. Because the French language was taught in schools as a first language(L1) due to the consequences of the French occupation in Algeria that was the longest period of colonization which took a long time from 1830 till 1962. Thus French became as an official language in the Algerian institutions. Andrew Freeman (1961:1) confirms what we are saying about French as L1 in the following quotation the French, in Algeria, between 1830 and 1962, tried actively to suppress Arabic. The French influence resulted at many different levels, mainly the linguistic level. The linguistic level reflected the impact of the French language on Algerians who were being forced to speak French and then obliged to learn it in schools, but prior to independence and after 1990s a new revolution came to the surface and the Algerian authoritarians started new relations with USA to give some importance to English as an essential medium to be integrated in the Algerian schools. Thereof, the 1990s brought about many changes: English was introduced as an optional second language as of 1992 and, in 1999, an increased awareness of the importance of education led to 6% of the countrys expenditure being devoted to education (see http://ezinearticles.com/?Teach-English-in-Algeriaid=3280135). It can be argued that the process of teaching and learning English as a foreign language has taken many steps to improve the way of acquiring and mastering this means for communication to become closer to joining the worldwide community. Answering the questions given before, the Algerian educational leaders started to enhance and hold tightly EFL, and shifting from traditional methods to modern to say to the world that we are able, as a multilingual developing country, to learn EFL as a second Language as major and significant as French in our schools and university and then be present everywhere across the globe. These challenges remind us about some debate on teaching EFL in developing countries as an insignificant contribution, by African designers, to knowledge and production. According to many writers, the emphasis on foreign languages like English (Graddol, 2006; Batibo, 2007) has been regarded as an insignificant contribution by African education policy makers to knowledge and production, but Phillipson (1996) observes, after independence, that those who were first responsible for making English official and developed are African leaders. For instance, in Algeria, prior to independence and after the 1990s, a new revolution came to the surface. The government or the Algerian authorities started new relations with the USA and they attached little importance to English that was taught in the middle and high schools. Before, our EFL students had been studying English from the eight grade in the middle school to the third grade of the secondary school up to 2005. English language teaching and learning too, at that time, was catastrophic because of the lack of interest and many other factors such as economic, political, religious, educational, and so on. According to some older generation teachers, the majority of pupils were not interested in learning English and even French because they focus their studies on mathematics, physics, life sciences and nature and other fields but not languages, i.e., their world was closed or limited to their social life. Moreover, the majority of teachers were not at all interested in the syllabus presented to them and they found it meaningless and boring. About the reasons behind the failure of these teachers, Bouhadiba (2002) states that under the old time-based teaching program, the learner were supposed to learn at the pace imposed by the teacher, the text-book, or the course itself. Bouhadiba also argues that the failure of a time-based teaching program, no matter where it is implemented (developing or more advanced societies), lies in the way the teacher that he or she moves on to the next lesson or the next unit to be within the limits of the scheduled teaching program unlike the competency-bas ed approach. Because English has become the most dominant language, a lingua franca (henceforth ELF), which is defined functionally by its use in intercultural communication, English as a global language (e.g. Crystal 2003; Gnutvzmann 1999), English as a world language (e.g. Mair 2003) and World English (Brutt-Griffler 2002) English as an international language (EIL) becomes influencing force everywhere across the world, and useful language among many European languages, many governments have adopted various policies that promote ELT and Algeria is no exception. At present, English is considered as a foreign language that is offered as a required subject at all levels of university education. In order to understand and recognize that the efficiency of English language development in the Algerian educational system paves the way for learners to take part in the globalization, our government has made a huge effort to change the ELT policy and some changes were made in the 1990s. Due to these facts of the current status of English, Algerian Government decides to go through changes in various fields to hold and improve this global language in higher studies. Among these changes are the implementation of policies made in education related to new approaches and system were brought to Algerian institutions such as LMD System and Competency Based Approach (henceforth CBA) in primary and secondary schools. CBA approach has been brought to the Algerian schools in 2002 as a new approach and a part of reform in the primary, middle and secondary school. It has been imposed as a primary part of reform and complimentary to LMD reform on EFL teacher. To make CBA approach successful, the education minister mobilized all responsible for schools (primary, middle and secondary) to follow the CBA implementation. Moreover, Algerian ministry contribute, morally and financially, to give all opportunities and provide all those who are responsible for helping teachers and students with materials needed and equipments to be familiar with CBA success in the classroom. Thus, inspectors spent much time and money for making seminars in all over the country to instruct and correct the teachers ways in the teaching of English language and following the planning of English curriculum. In addition to the CBA, the LMD (Licence Master Doctorate) reform is also brought to the Algerian university in 2003 to continue the correctness of the teaching of English. In this work, we shall focus on some changes of approaches and systems such as LMD to see whether it is towards a more communicative use of English as a second language and a more focus on English language teaching. ELT is not easy responsibility for EFL teachers to teaching all of the students assigned to a classroom in university. The latter becomes, now, the world question in holding English as an international language which becomes increasingly important and required in Algeria in the last decade. Nowadays, there are much debate on what is teaching and how it becomes in the twentieth century, some people say that teaching is a creative way to become joined with and support others to help all learners learn. Others say that without teaching learning is not a way to make teachers and students more efficient. McKay (2002) says, The teaching and learning of an international language must be based on an entirely different set of assumptions than the teaching and learning of any other second and foreign language. McKay (2002:1) The quotation above makes us think many times of the processes of enhancing ELT to respond to the needs of those who are interested in English lingua franca ) currently. Thus the questions come in mind are as follows: 1-How should English be taught under LMD system as a challenging language in Algeria? (Our focus in this work). 2- What purpose of learning English should we achieve? (That is what we are looking for) 3- Can we be best English teachers? (This is our hypotheses to be proved) According to the questions above, we begin to analyze these issues regarding the role of English in our own lives and in our society. We first start looking at EFL teachers role, i.e. how do they play a central role in the teaching of English language perfectly? How do they apply the instructions given to teach English and how to be responsible for motivating their students to learn? It is essential that teachers themselves are aware of the way they are following to go through the four skills of listening, reading, speaking and writing including, grammar, vocabulary, and spelling all contribute to successful effective English communication. The much attention we give to each skill is due to the teachers input and learners competence as well as their needs. In addition, teachers should know themselves who they are and how can be adjusted in the light of the current status of English in the world. Palmer focuses here on the consciousness towards his students and how strongly he wants to be close to the students. Parker Palmer (1998, p 2) emphasizes on the teachers intention to see well his students; he must know himself before and when teaching his students. We can understand his illustration through the following quotation: When I do not know myself, I cannot know my subject-not at the deepest levels of embodied, personal meaning. I will know it only abstractly, from a distance, a congeries of concepts as far removed from the world as I am from personal truth. (See http://301f2012.wordpress.com/2012/11/29/writing-prompt-for-the-courage-to-teach/) It is clear to know how able we, as teachers, are to make our students understand and know ourselves in society as well as we can understand from P. Palmer the relative position and attention given to English has been considered and examined from ideological and cultural or political standpoints rather than pedagogical concerns. The latter is a very important point to discuss in accordance with our situation as Algerian EFL teachers. Unfortunately, with the classical system we, cannot be adjusted in the light of the current status of English in Algeria because, up to 2005, there are many obstacles and factors make our EFL teachers incapable to make all students understanding such as: 1-The number of students is overmuch in a class (40 50) 2- Insufficient communicative activities use for teaching English language skills such as reading, listening, writing, grammar, etc. 3- Inadequately equipped classrooms and the lack of ICTs use. 4- The impact of a social factor on EFL teachers as well as learners 5- Being authoritarian traditional teachers 6- Being passive traditional learners. 7- Being too shy to speak English in the classroom. 8-The impact of mother tongue (L1) on students and some teachers pronunciation too Due to some deficiencies mentioned above, the Algerian government started rebuilding the skeleton of university which is the image of the country abroad. So since 2OO1, the ministry of higher education has decided to diagnose the situation in order to provide immediate and sustainable solutions for university and here a new Algerian university system has imposed itself. Following the recommendations of the National Committee of the education reform, a reform plan was adopted by the Cabinet in April 30, 2002 and the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research has adopted a ten-year strategy to develop the sector for the period 2004-2013, one of whose main themes is The development and implementation of an overall and deep reform of higher education, the first step is the establishment of a new architectural educations, including an updating and upgrading of various educational programs, and a reorganization of the educational management. Thus, the choice goes towards the new BMD: Bachelor-Master-Doctorate system, or LMD (Licence, Master and Doctorate) as it is known, to meet the expectations of society and also to be in concordance with the new guidelines and global trends in higher education. This system examines, evaluates and improves the way the teachers and learners are following now to better and develop their English. It also defines the ways and means to teach study and evaluate differently in higher education. It aims to motivating and enabling students across the world by allowing diplomas to be compared and become equivalent to European diplomas, developing the professionalization of higher education whilst preserving the general interest nature of the teaching, to strengthening the learning of transverse skills such as fluency in foreign modern languages and computer skills encouraging the students mobility and encouraging the students access to the world of work in Europe allowing the student to build up a personalized education plan gradually. Therefore , in order to understand and recognize that the introduction of English language into the Algerian educational system lead us to have part in the globalization, our government made huge effort to change the policies that have been being followed in 1900s. For instance, at the level of university, the LMD system is about a new approach based on the Communicative Approach that has been implemented in the Algerian university almost in all subjects and specialties, as we have already said above. LMD system has been introduced into our universities by August 2003 to make changes in syllabuses and curriculum development in order to reduce and overcome the difficulties and the obstacles cited (see page 7) and make English teaching and learning successful under the new system LMD. On the one hand, to achieve good results, EFL university teachers must be ready to change from traditional teacher to modern one changing the traditional approaches into more communicative innovative activities to teaching to what extent we pay much attention to the four skills perfectly. On the other hand, the changes made and brought to universities contribute to achieve success in teaching and learning languages. For instance, Sheena Gardner (2008), in his paper, believes in changes he states that English language teachers have changed, or are changing, from a traditional approach to teaching formal grammar rules to a more communicative approach to teaching how to use grammar meaningfully in context. We as EFL teacher agree on the principal of the changes at all kinds of levels particularly in higher education so as to have part in globalization. Interestingly, in Algeria there are changes towards teaching English more explicitly, and with more of a focus on form. Furthermore, to explore these changes the educators emphasis is on to what extent do systems and approaches impact, positively, on ELT to improve EFL students levels in order to get much knowledge and then achieve perfect English to securing their jobs through acknowledged degrees and high levels of employment because the spread of joblessness across the world particularly in Algeria have upset authorities. From the various opinions of learners, even longer studies are not an end in themselves everyone now understands that schools and universities are the first starting point for everyone desires to realize any project. Aiming to get higher studies is simply a means to access better jobs likely to lead to higher social status (profession, security, wage, etc.). For that reason, English language becomes, for EFL students, a dominant subject, an international language English (Brutt-Griffler 2002) English as an international language and a means for getting job easily. It is now required, across the globe, and important for the Algerian learners and/or job seekers. The question then is what concrete roles does English improvement contribute to the EFL LMD students in the Algerian university? Coleman (2010) addresses a similar question by reviewing the functions of English as a foreign language in development. He identifies four areas where English has often been given a role to play: 1-for employability 2-for international mobility 3-for unlocking development opportunities and accessing information 4- as an impartial language. These four points must find an answer in the implementation of LMD systems results. Thus, the present work study is devoted to overcome the difficulties and problems Algerian teachers and learners are encountering in acquiring English language for specific purpose. The latter has been conducted by many researches to discuss the various problems that Arab universities encounter and mainly Algerian university. These kinds of problems refer to their ability as teachers or their competence in transmitting skills. Mukattash (1983) divides the problem that learners of English encounter into problems of pronunciation, spelling, morphology and syntax at the level of university as well students or learners unable to express themselves that what makes difficulties spread. For Mukattash the students major difficulties arise from the fact that they cannot use English correctly and appropriately in and out the classroom when required; he says: Comfortably and efficiently either when dealing with academic topics or common everyday topics (1983:169). What we can understand by the difficulty of English efficiency is related to the students deficiencies in communicative competence and self -confidence. Consequently, to encounter these kinds of problems of communicative competence, Ministry and educational experts run to find solutions to these problems by changing the strategies and encourage the training abroad that gives the learners a good knowledge and culture as well as make them confident. The queries to be raised here are how universities could be developed into places where advanced knowledge was disseminated and what are the strategies and the reforms are going to be followed. It is only recently that universities have become the almost systematic pragmatics, looking for motivation and aptitude for higher and perfect studies. As a main part of this work, we have also shed light on another part of reform which is called ICT (information, communication and technology). It also plays a major role in understanding the changes brought to the teaching and learning of English language. Through our reading in some books concerning the use of technology in the classroom Robert J. Marzano (2007:3), in his book Using Technology with Classroom Instruction That Works, states that Research indicates that technologys use in the classroom can have an additional positive influence on student learning when the learning goals are clearly articulated prior to the technologys use (Pitler, Hubbell, Kuhn, Malenoski, 2007; Ringstaff Kelley, 2002; Schacter, 1999) Moreover, it is said that the impact of the technologys use on teaching and learning is a promising scope of interest for researchers in various disciplines such as mathematics, informatics, education and sports, literature, English studies or teaching foreign languages and so forth. The latter becomes one area where ICTs influence is widely investigated. It is good and interesting to say we admit technologys use to enhance learning and teaching in the classroom. We, as EFL teachers familiar with the use of technology in the classroom, agree on such point of view, but does it match with our LMD students : First , second and third year LMD student as well as Master 1 and 2 students (our case study) ; this is what we are going to approve during this investigation. From that fact, we make some questions to respond to those who are interested in the use of the ICTs. (See appendices) To make this theory coincide with EFL classes let us see the use and the integration of ICTs use impact in the LMD system. Does ICT indeed provide students with much information in learning E L (henceforth English language) competency as well as make better and more attractive the quality of EFL teachers and students learning under LMD and CBA experience? Some of teachers approve that the use of ICT becomes an effective medium to better and develop the English language. As well, ICT helps in the use of interactive lessons through the four skills to enhance the teaching and learning of English perfectly, but some teacher disagree on this point saying to as that student become so boring when using them in the classroom. (For more details see chapter 3) Nowadays, the rapid developments and the frequent use of ICTS in Algerian society is not only impact on a quick computing discourse has generated linguistic convergence it is also the focus on the use of ICT in schools and universities. The latter now require much availability of computers provided with the net/ internet because they become a support for learning and teaching any discipline and mainly languages. Thus, the use of ICT in both education and higher education must become important to reinforce and ensure the effectiveness of systems implementation such as LMD in higher education. The latter goes with the ICTs use which becoming more important to contribute to the growth and development of learning and teaching in the 21st century. In this part, we highlight the effectiveness of ICT in higher education and we seek to explore how it will impact on the way courses will be given to learners and delivered in the universities. Having spoken on the whole study work, generally, leads us to think of the following: Statement of the problem Through our experience of 5 years of teaching English under the new system LMD in the Algerian university particularly the University of Mostaganem as well as Didi Bel Abbes University, we have noticed changes in the attitudes of our students and teachers towards LMD system and the integration of ICT in the classroom. Students come to university with no idea about LMD; the only idea they have had in mind is the CBA approach which is implemented in 2002 in the secondary school. They have already been familiar with the competency based approach in undertaking all kind of new tasks, techniques and methods given to be applied. Our aim behind this study is to study whether there is a coherent coordination between both institutions: university and secondary. In addition, we try to respond to some questions were given by many about CBA and LMD such as: the relationship between LMD and CBA, LMD contribution to the CBA approach, ICTs use. Hypotheses On the basis of what have been preceded, we are going to formulate the following hypotheses: 1. In relation to CBA, we would like to see whether the LMD system responds to the students and teachers needs in mastering English or no. 2. Curriculum development regarding the new implementation system such as LMD and CBA does fit the world demand in education. 3. The importance of the ICTs use in LMD system to respond to the teachers needs as well as to enhance foreign languages/ English. The Chapters Outline Our doctoral research revolves around four chapters. The first chapter introduces our research methodology and how was our investigation undergone. The research methodology chapter will present to the reader a detailed overview of various methods and techniques we used in dealing with our corpus and collecting data. The second chapter is to be devoted to the presentation of a broad review of the relevant literature relating to the fundamental basic and key concepts related to teaching and learning theories, and we will end up with some clarifications about what is curriculum as well as including the various systems that have been implemented in teaching languages such as LMD system and the CBA approach. In chapter three, we will introduce our readers to both CBA (Competency Based Approach) and LMD (Licence-Master-Doctorate) as two new international educational systems applied and implemented in many developed and developing countries. The aim of this chapter is to help students and teachers alike understand what is CBA as an approach introduced to primary middle and secondary schools, what is LMD as an educational system and how are CBA and LMD interconnected as well as to highlight the effectiveness of ICT in higher education Chapter Four is devoted to discussing the feedback of the participants and the results attained. By interpreting the answers of teachers and students and their responses, we were able to come to a set of conclusions that we present in the last section of this chapter that we entitle conclusions and recommendations. Through the general conclusion, we will have come to validate or invalidate our hypotheses that base primarily on LMD, its relation with CBA and the effectiveness of ICTs use for LMD teachers and learners. Thus our purpose, all through this study, is to establish a strong connection between LMD, CBA and the importance of the integration of new technologies, notably the ICTs, in our classes and lectures.