Ielts Essay Samples Band 9 Book Reviews & Tips

Ielts Essay Samples Band 9 Book Reviews & Tips The Foolproof Ielts Essay Samples Band 9 Book Strategy Complex sentences are accurate and there's also passive voice used. Check out whether it is possible to turn the page with some arrow keys or click a particular part of the display, aside from using the mouse to handle everything. Check out whether you may turn the page with some arrow keys or click a distinctive part of the display, apart from utilizing the mouse to control everything. Check out whether it is possible to turn the page with some arrow keys or click a particular portion of the display, aside from utilizing the mouse to deal with everything. Choosing Good Ielts Essay Samples Band 9 Book Our sample essay has a straightforward but superior introduction in which it demonstrates that the examinee has knowledge of this issue and clearly states the writer's position to establish the remainder of the essay. 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For instance, it is valid to argue that lots of young folks want to emulate the fashion styles of their idols. To a lot of individuals, it's appropriate to marry for money as opposed to love. So, for lots of people, it may appear appropriate to marry for money as opposed to love. Accordingly, by being merely conscious of their place in the planet, readers or viewers can greatly increase their knowledge of the conflict. I am very pleased I managed to assist you reach this goal and I hope you may continue at this level later on. You've used cohesion in a manner that attracts no attention. However, I think that it isn't the sole element that contributes to the trend. The Tried and True Method for Ielts Essay Samples Band 9 Book in Step by Step Detail By following the tips within this book, you can maximise your poss ibility of obtaining a high band in IELTS writing, even if your English isn't perfect. Thus don't get intimidated if you believe you can't write such essays. 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The Subfield Of Psychology Known As Physiological Psychology

The subfield of psychology known as Physiological Psychology studies the relationship between this physical functioning of an organism’s brain and its behavior. It developed from Rene Descartes’s speculations about the role of the mind. Descartes believed that each person possesses a mind and was the first one to suggest that there is a link between the body and mind. Furthermore, Descartes clearly identified the mind with consciousness and self-awareness and distinguished this from the brain as the brain being in control. He argued that the mind interacts with the body via pineal gland. Descartes’s own view on dualism known as Cartesian dualism shows that the mind influences the body and that there is a two-way interaction that occurs†¦show more content†¦Growing connections allow the individual to fully understand how their individual thoughts carry great poetential. The brain has made it possible for humans to interpret, store, and create vast connect ions that allow us to achieve great things such as sending a man to the moon, composing masterpieces in art and music, and being able to further advance in science. The brain is the sole organ that is responsible for managing everyday life and having a better understanding of how the brain works have helped society advance and evolve biologically. The hippocampus sits right under the temple in the temporal lobe and it functions in regulating emotion and memory. Damage to the brain can be lethal and can affect everyday life, imagine waking up one day realizing that every memory was wiped and you were completely unaware that you are stuck in time. This condition is known as retrograde amnesia occurs when there is damage inflicted upon the Hippocampus. One of the most famous cases of amnesia is that of H.M. otherwise known as Henry Gustav Molaison. Henry Gustav Molaison was born in Manchester Connecticut on February 26TH, 1926. Molaison suffered from severe seizures after his bicycle a ccident that occurred when he was 9 years old. In 953, he underwent an experimental procedure under the supervision of Dr. William Beecher in Hartford, Connecticut. H.M underwent a bilateral medial temporal lobectomy, that removed most of the hippocampus, as well as theShow MoreRelatedHistorical Reference Of Social Psychology1169 Words   |  5 Pages Historical Reference of Social Psychology Social psychology uses scientific methods to understand how people’s opinions and behaviors are influenced by the actual presence or the implied presence of others. Social psychology is an integrative field that builds the gap between psychology and sociology. Sociology, on the other hand, is the scientific study of human behavior. In addition, social psychology is a comparatively new field that originated in the early 20th century. In 1954 Gordon AllportRead MoreWhat Does You Do For Your Life?1511 Words   |  7 Pagespassionate in? Deciding on Psychology wasn’t some overnight thing. I always found it interesting and it made me genuinely happy but I always told myself to not pursue it because of all the bad things I heard. Psychology is truly a vast career with plenty of opportunities. People who have always been interested in learning about humans, whether that be the brain or how outside forces can drastically shape us, and want to help others should consider a car eer in Psychology. You have to be able to juggleRead MoreThe Intellectual Roots Of The Behaviorism Movement2174 Words   |  9 Pageswithin the field of psychology is identified him as the founder of this movement to move toward the study of behavior. Behaviorism began in the roots of the American Progressive Movement of 1880 to 1920 when Social Darwinism was taken seriously (Behjamin, 2014). 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Gathering and Identifying Relevant Facts †Myasssignmenthelp.Com

Question: Explanation Gathering and Identifying the Relevant Facts? Answer: Introduction As students of law, we often come across stages where it becomes difficult to address a legal problem. In fact, finding a solution to the problem seems difficult because our approach to the problem is unsystematic. We stop questioning and start seeking answers. Then I came across MIRAT[1] which gave me clarity of reasoning as the use of this acronym helped in arranging my thoughts in a pattern. MIRAT, which was first discussed by Wadein his legal problem solving article is an extension of Charles Engels PBL (Problem-Based Learning) process. The purpose of PBL process is not to focus on a problem with a defined solution, but to develop definite skills and attributes which allow access to ways of finding a solution. The acronym 'MIRAT" stand for: M - Material facts - present or absent I - Issues of law and "policy" R - Rules and Resources A - Arguments (or Application) T - Tentative Conclusion In my opinion, IRAC - Issue, Rule, Application, and Conclusion is also a suitable way. Gathering and Identifying the Relevant Facts Material Facts: Analysing the Problem Broadly, a "material" fact is described as that fact which we can use for creating a line of deductive reasoning and becomes vitally important for solving the problem. I presume that material facts can be helpful even in providing advice to our clients in selecting from a range of options in finding a solution to a problem. [2] I can create a useful model for this concept by illustrating three categories of facts: Clear Material Facts, such as John pulled the guns trigger[3]; or net income of the company showed a 40% decline[4]. Clear Immaterial Facts, such as Mary has freckles; or Steven once travelled to Auckland. But if the immaterial facts can become material facts if they are stated as facts, policies or rules for identifying the issues, such as Mary had freckles at the age of 17; or Steven travelled to Auckland in 2007. Know the Adversary In the light of above factors, my advice to the client would be to know your adversary. I would attempt at understanding who they are; what is their lifestyle; and what factors motivate them. In case my clients adversary is a firm, my effort would be to learn about its values or the way in which they do business, and then use these facts to identify the decision-making factors for resolving the dispute[5]. Although information about the adversary obtained from my client is important, I would prefer not to rely solely on it, because my client may have formed a biased opinion of the adversary. Among the many other ways of finding the material facts is the straightforward way of questioning the adversary at their deposition. I also find that interviewing or getting depositions of those involved in the case is a more reliable source of gathering the material facts about an adversary[6]. It is also possible that research about the adversary may produce some useful negative material facts and as a lawyer I could use these for undermining the position of the adversary in the dispute and may help me in putting a resolution which they willingly accept. Strategies for Identifying the Legal Issue Issues of Law: Identifying the Information Identifying the issue, in my opinion, is the first stage of finding the solution to a legal problem. To initiate this process, I need to identify a rule or a group of rules which are the nearest to the material facts of the problem. And then to phrase it as a question. I often hear my teachers saying "It is more important to ask the right questions then to find the right answers" Example Problem When I was studying the case ofBernstein v Skyviews General Ltd[1978] Q.B. 479, I came across the following passage about this case in a textbook, and I quote: InBernstein v Skyviews, the defendant company flew an aircraft over the claimants land and took a picture of his house. He alleged trespass on the basis that he who owns the land owns everything from the depths of the earth to the highest heavens. It was held that this maxim did not apply and that the claimant should only be able to sue for trespass into his airspace to the extent to which it was necessary for the reasonable enjoyment of his land. This was not the case here. In my view, I analysed the situation in the form of this question Mario flew an aeroplane over Janes land in order to take photographs. In my analysis, I identified the legal problem in the following way: Identification of problem The problem identified by me in accordance with the case ofBernstein v Skyviews General Ltd[1978] Q.B. 479 was whether Mario is liable for trespass into the airspace above Janes land. My teacher suggested to study the extracts of the judgment and I will understand the way how the judge formulated the legal problem which he had to deal with in this case. My analysis of this disputes was that a misunderstanding between the parties about rights and obligations under the law led to this case[7]. My effort would be in getting the parties to come to an understanding of the law in achieving an agreed resolution. I am of opinion that if a dispute arises in an area of the law with which I am not very familiar, I must invest time and effort to determine the law which will govern the dispute. This is because of fact that law has become so extensive that it is not possible for a lawyer to know it all[8]. Hence, once I confirm the legal principles involved in the identified problem, I am in a better position to resolve any misunderstanding my client may have. Make Sure to have the Facts Right My assertion is that like material facts, issues also emerge gradually. Initially, they may arise from first impression, experience or the gut reaction, but will arise from details as the legal research progresses. According to my teacher, as an issue gets identified, it gives rise to the question How did you decide that was an issue? As has been seen in the above case, most of the disputes arise from misunderstanding of the facts by one of the parties[9]. I believe that if the parties can reconcile by understanding the facts, arriving at a resolution becomes easier. But for that, each party to the dispute must confirm own understanding of the facts before addressing the misunderstanding by the adversary. It is common for people to make assumptions about the facts or jump to conclusions, because they or their employees think that they did what was to be done and the fault is of other party. I always insist that every party to the case must invest quality time and effort in understanding the facts. They must go through the documents and review them carefully. Even if this means going to the adversary for additional information and documents[10]. Researching the Most Relevant Law Rules, Research and Resources Sometimes I get too intimidated into using books as I think that is where the solution to the problem lies. But my teacher tells me that they are not the only research resource. My teacher insists on development of interviewing skills and to use them for the right person at the right time[11]. In the class, we are repeatedly asked these questions: "Please tell me, according to the books, what rule applies to this particular issue?" "How did you locate that rule?" "What alternative versions to that rule did you discover?" Two Approaches I have deduced from my classroom debates that there are often two approaches to achieve a resolution by agreement. One by fighting it out in the court with the adversary. Second by approaching the legal dispute as a problem and find the solution. I am of opinion that problems do get solved if people apply their persistence, resources and skills in finding out ways towards a solution. When a legal problem is viewed in this way, one uses the legal procedures and rules as tools and skilfully works through the dispute. I find that the problem-solving approach offers some very potential advantages[12]. In case the parties find a way of working through the legal dispute, it becomes easier to get to the resolution. It not only saves on time, effort but is comparatively inexpensive. It also offers control over the outcome and there is the possibility of an ongoing harmonious relationship between the parties. But the problem lies in the challenge of applying the problem-solving approach to the legal dispute[13]. Disputes arise because of human relationships as these are variable and sometimes volatile. Hence, each dispute has a uniqueness of the facts, the parties, their circumstances and sometimes the lawyers. In my learning experience, I found that the problem-solving approach had potential advantages and the warfare approach had potential drawbacks. In my opinion, a persistent and skilful application of the problem-solving approach can be effective in overcoming several key problems[14]. Applying the Law to the Facts Arguments and Application It has been observed that most law students initially yearn to have the certainty of a clear answer. In achieving this, they often leap quickly from the facts or issues or rules to a definitive conclusion. It is required that they be taken a few steps back and asked to develop an argument involving both the parties to the issue. They must develop a counter-punch for every punch delivered; develop a counter-move for every move[15]. This writer's experience is that most often, the creative arguments and counter-arguments developed by the students is based on their own experiences or perceptions of the policy about which they are arguing. Applying the Law: Although not much information is available in the Jane v Mario problem discussed above, but we can carry forward our argument based on the overall structure of the judges argument, which I reproduce below In the problem we have been given there is insufficient information to be able to form a definite conclusion as to whether a court would hold Mario liable in trespass to land followingBernstein. However, if Mario had been taking lots of photographs and being doing so persistently, it might be that he could be held as interfering with Janes reasonable use of her land. Also, if Jane was running a park which involved putting things in the air, or which needed extra quiet, such as a nature reserve, and Mario were flying his aircraft at a low height, then Jane will be able to argue convincingly that she needs to exclude people from that airspace for the reasonable enjoyment of her land. Unquote. My statement in this matter is that every convincing argument can be met with a proposition, such as - "well, how would you respond to your own argument?" I still believe in the dictum that educationally there can never be such thing as a wrong or foolish argument. In every lawyer's career, maybe at a later stage, there may come some culturally inappropriate arguments which occur because of public ridicule or gossip or loss of clients but these should not lead to a social excommunication[16]. Problem-based Learning (PBL) Thus I come back, again, to the Problem-based learning (PBL) process, which, with its emphasis on active learning, still appears to be the best way to encourage students, especially those in their early years of learning, to develop the required skills which they would need when dealing with the frequently confronted complexities. My teacher believes that this is an approach which can be effective in teaching the skills of legal problem solving[17]. We are often confronted with Professor Charles Engel explanation of this PBL process of PBL as follows: analysis of the problems presented; identification of information required; specification of the required information; study in order formulate answers; and application of newly acquired knowledge. Communicating Your Advice Conclusion When educational goals, such as thinking like a lawyer are used, they become the cause of a sloppy course preparation, not to mention the students frustration. In my opinion, the MIRAT framework of analysis ably provides a simple and structured goal. Although MIRAT may not help all types of students, it is effective as it has been tested by the experts for number of years with enthusiastic response. As a novice practitioner of this art, I prefer not to use the adjective tentative with conclusion. No doubt, a confident and unqualified conclusion is justified when the weight of the arguments is towards such conclusions. In my view, the acronym MIRAC seems more appropriate than MIRAT, when it comes to describing the reasoning process. As law students, we need to practise various style of expressions so as to avoid being misguided with an over-confident or an underconfident or a premature conclusion. How many permutations are required to be pursued so that we can analyse a problem properly? This is one aspect which often daunts the law students. There are often multiple ways of endeavour which naturally come into existence once the student acknowledges that the issue can have more than one possible conclusion. Some teacher give a relief through repetitive models to suggest the correct route of the probable conclusions. We have been taught that at the law school, development of reasoning and process skills is more important than discovering what is probably the right answer[18]. Regularly Reconsider Clients Position On basis of the above discussion, it can be safely vouched that a lawyers initial analysis of the clients perspective in a dispute may change as the case progresses. The lawyer may learn facts which change the perspective substantially or he may attain an improvised understanding about some stated facts. Sometimes, the lawyer may discover a legal principle or statute or a term in the contract which was not known initially or was overlooked or wasnt realized to be applicable to the dispute. Hence, in view of this author, a regular reconsideration and analysis of the clients position during the progress of the dispute is essential. Make Litigation Tactics Consistent with Resolution Tactics As a lawyer, I am constantly facing the challenge of trying either to achieve the agreed resolution to the dispute and at the same time litigating and preparing the case for trial. In case my problem-solving tactics not in tune with my litigation tactics, there is strong possibility that it may undermine my ability of achieving the agreed resolution. Hence, I need to tread carefully every step which I take in the lawsuit. Do my claims asserted have a solid basis in fact and law? Is there a sound argument for the damages sought? Do my answers admit those allegations about which there is no dispute? Am I focused on the facts which need to be developed for understanding the case? It is not advisable for early stage lawyers to submit to a scorched-earth approach when finalising their theories for discovery or extreme positions in their claims or defences. An excessive position may poison the cordial atmosphere for reaching an agreed resolution and is hence usually considered unnecessary for making the trial preparations effective. As discussed in this paper, use of available legal procedures and tools should be made in the lawsuit to work through the issues which are hindering the process of the agreed resolution. It is for the lawyer to take a stand on behalf of the client. If the client views the facts differently, it is for the lawyer to see that the right perspective is used to develop the facts. In case the client understands the law differently, the lawyer should reconsider the legal principles involved. References Alexander, M. 2013, The New Jim Crow. The New Press, New York. Bargen, J. 2014, Young people and crime/Disadvantaged young people. Hot topics, Sydney, N.S.W. no. 73. Bryant, C.D. (ed.) 2012, Routledge Handbook of Deviant Behaviour. Taylor Francis, Oxon. Carl, J., Baker, S., Robards, B., Scorr, J., Hillman, W. and Lawrence, G. 2011, Think Sociology. Pearson Higher Education AU, Frenchs Forest, NSW. Dunbabin, H. 2011, CHILD CRIMINALS IN THE MEDIA. Internet Journal of Criminology 2011. Graham, J. and Bowling, B. 2015, Young people and crime. London Home Office Research and Statistics Department, London. Lewis, B. and Lewis, J. 2014, Health Communications: A Media and Cultural Studies Approach. Palgrave Macmillan, London. Muncie, John (2006). Governing Young People: coherence and contradiction in contemporary youth justice. Critical Social Policy, 26(4) pp. 770793. Nalla, M.K. and Newman, G.R. (ed.) 2013, Community Policing in Indigenous Communities. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Pope, K. 2014, Researching youth victims and offenders. Centre for Social and Educational Research, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin. Short, D. 2016, Reconciliation and Colonial Power: Indigenous Rights in Australia. Routledge, Oxon. Steinberg, L. 2000, Youth Violence: Do Parents and Families Make a Difference? National Institute of Justice Journal ? April 2000. pp 31-38. Travers, M. 2009, Understanding Law and Society. Routledge, Oxon. [1] First used by John H. Wade. (1990) in the article "Meet MIRAT legal reasoning fragmented into learnable chunks". Available at https://epublications.bond.edu.au/law_pubs/94 [2] Bolton v Stone [1951] AC 850 [3] Wyong Shire Council v Shirt (1980) 146 CLR 40 [4] Paris v Stepney Borough Council [1951] AC 367 [5] Chapman v Hearse (1961) 106 CLR 112 [6] Annetts v Australian Stations Pty Ltd (2002) 211 CLR 317 [7] Caltex Oil (Australia) Pty Ltd v The Dredge (1976) 136 CLR 529 [8] L. Shaddock Associates Pty Ltd v Parramatta City Council (1981) 150 CLR 225 [9] Bolton v Stone [1951] AC 850 [10] Romeo v Conservation Commission (NT) (1998) 192 CLR 431 [11] Jaensch v Coffey (1984) 155 CLR 549 [12] Chester v Waverley Corporation (1939) 62 CLR 1 [13] Caltex Oil (Australia) Pty Ltd v The Dredge (1976) 136 CLR 529 [14] L. Shaddock Associates Pty Ltd v Parramatta City Council (1981) 150 CLR 225 [15] McWilliams v Sir William Company Ltd [1962] 1 WLR 295 [18] Jaensch v Coffey (1984) 155 CLR 549

The Nation Takes Shape Essay Example For Students

The Nation Takes Shape Essay The Nation Takes Shapeby Marcus Cunliffepublished by the University of Chicago Press1789-1800Bobby EarlMs. C. LoveFebruary 12, 1998The period of time from 1789 to 1839 was an age of growth for the United States of America; the United States grew bigger and better in general, it expanded into the West, and its commerce and industry also grew substantially. This is in part because of the great political leaders such as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Andrew Jackson, but also in part of growing national pride and the yearning to become a successful nation. America grew larger and improved greatly in the first half century of its life. The territory of the United States tripled in size as America bought large amounts of property from other nations, and the number of the states in the Union doubled. The population doubled twice from around four million people to almost sixteen million people, and by the year 1840 rolled around. American exports also quadrupled in size to about $80 million dollars in profit. The national debt from earlier years was completely paid off in this time period; a feat that has not been accomplished since. An Army and Navy were established to protect the country, and judiciary, legislative, and executive departments of the government were formed with the ratification of the Constitution of the United States of America. Transportation became much easier in America by 1840. Approximately 2500 miles of canals and 3000 miles of railroads had been constructed. Harbors, lighthouses, and dry docks had also greatly incr eased in number to aid the seafarers. In the first fifty years of its history, almost all parts of America grew enormously, from schools to post offices to forts. America was a becoming a stronger nation in a world of giants. We will write a custom essay on The Nation Takes Shape specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Another area of American growth was the West. As the Constitution was being signed, virtually no one lived on the western side of the Appalachian mountains. The Louisiana Purchase doubled the United States in size, however, and people soon started to expand into the empty space. At first, the thirteen original states argued over land boundaries from the colonial times. Eventually, they all ceded the controversial land to the United States government. The American government soon issued the Northwest Ordinance to deal with the land in the northwest. The ordinance divided up the territory into townships of thirty-six square mile sections. Each square mile would be sold at about $640. The ordinance also set the requirements the territory had to meet to be given a non-voting representative in Congress and to be eligible for statehood. The Northwest Ordinance also outlawed slavery in the Northwest Territory. There were other residents of this territory, however. Many Native Americans were pushed out after Mad Anthony Wayne defeated them at Fallen Timbers. Also, Jays Treaty prevented the British from intervening in the Northwest Territory any longer. This eradication of non-Americans left room for many more people to move west and gave them a more secure feeling of safety. There were quite a few more reasons that people wanted to move out west. One of the reasons was because of the lack of farming land in the east. In the Northeast the soil was too rocky and poor to be able to sustain profitable farms. In the middle states, the soil was being eroded away; the tobacco plantations were ruining the soil in the South. Another reason was because the ideal of Manifest Destiny, the belief that the United States should reach from coast to coast, was becoming more popular. For these reasons and more, the population in the West grew rapidly, and the empty territories quickly became states. .ufec48c09fba3d78101b9d95c9a37f92c , .ufec48c09fba3d78101b9d95c9a37f92c .postImageUrl , .ufec48c09fba3d78101b9d95c9a37f92c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufec48c09fba3d78101b9d95c9a37f92c , .ufec48c09fba3d78101b9d95c9a37f92c:hover , .ufec48c09fba3d78101b9d95c9a37f92c:visited , .ufec48c09fba3d78101b9d95c9a37f92c:active { border:0!important; } .ufec48c09fba3d78101b9d95c9a37f92c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufec48c09fba3d78101b9d95c9a37f92c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufec48c09fba3d78101b9d95c9a37f92c:active , .ufec48c09fba3d78101b9d95c9a37f92c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufec48c09fba3d78101b9d95c9a37f92c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufec48c09fba3d78101b9d95c9a37f92c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufec48c09fba3d78101b9d95c9a37f92c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufec48c09fba3d78101b9d95c9a37f92c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufec48c09fba3d78101b9d95c9a37f92c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufec48c09fba3d78101b9d95c9a37f92c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufec48c09fba3d78101b9d95c9a37f92c .ufec48c09fba3d78101b9d95c9a37f92c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufec48c09fba3d78101b9d95c9a37f92c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: ABRAHAM LINCOLN One of the Gre EssayAnother area in which America grew considerably was in commerce and industry. Before the Revolution, the colonies and Britain had established a relationship in which the colonies would export many raw products to Britain, and Britain would export many finished products to America. After the Revolution, Britain remained the United States most valuable trading partner, but America also opened up to some new foreign markets, such as those in Latin America, the Mediterranean, and the Far East, areas economically controlled by major European powers. Between the years of 1793 to 1815, wars raged on in Europe, and both sides wanted American pro ducts. After the wars ended, the American market became even more fruitful. The plentiful timber supply and shipbuilding experience made the United States a leading producer in small, inexpensive sailing vessels. As America grew economically, so did its cities. Philadelphia was the largest city in 1790, but around 1820 New York became the largest city in America. New York strived to be the economic capital of America, and it slowly rose, leaving competing cities far behind. With such economic endeavors, America continued to significantly grow in the first half century of its history. As one can clearly see, one of Americas greatest eras of growth was in its first half century of history. An interesting fact one could find in the book The Nation Takes Shape is that by 1840 the frontier was moving west at an average of seventeen miles a year. Another fascinating point found in this book is that Noah Webster was challenged for including the words locate and location in the dictionary. A third enthralling detail is that many people bought land in small cities in the 1820s for about a dollar an acre, but by the 1940s, some of the land, in cities such as Chicago, had jumped to becoming worth over $3000. In conclusion, the first fifty years of Americas history were extremely important, for it was one of the periods of time in which America grew bigger and better in general, expanded into the West, and grew substantially in commerce and industry. History Essays

The witch of blackbird pond essays

The witch of blackbird pond essays Kit, the heroine in the book, The Witch of Blackbird Pond, learns how to take care of herself and others in1687. When her parents died after only three years of marriage, she had gone to live with her Grandfather. When he died, leaving her with no money, she came alone from Barbados to Wethersfield, Connecticut to live with her aunt and uncle. Wethersfield was not at all what she expected. This story teaches about history by telling an exciting adventure about a very brave 16-year-old girl who learns about freedom of religion for herself and others. Kit's grandpa taught her how to swim and how to read in Barbados. Her cousins Judith and Mercy and her aunt and uncle taught her how to sew, cook and work in the fields in Wethersfield. This was very hard for her because at her grandparents' house she had maids to do everything for her. In this new country, she learns to take care of others and be brave. She does a lot of selfless acts. For example, she jumps into the ocean to get a little doll for a child named Prudence because the little girl wants it very badly She also teaches her to read the bible and print her name. This gets her branded as a witch later in the story. When she could leave with Nathaniel Eaton, the Captain's son, on his father's ship, the Dolphin, she stays to nurse her cousin and her family through influenza. She helps save an old lady named Hannah from being burned. The village thought Hannah put a curse on the village and made a lot of people sick. Kit was very brave, because every one disapproved of her actions. For example, her family thought she shouldn't be a friend with Hannah but she stood her ground and didn't break the friendship. Kit and her uncle argued a lot. It turns out that they are very similar. Her Uncle also stood up for what he believed. Once, he gathered people together to defy the king and declare their fre ...

The Truth About Government Grants

The Truth About Government Grants Contrary to what books and TV ads say, the U.S. government is not giving away free grant money. A government grant is not a Christmas present. According to the book American Government Politics, by Jay M. Shafritz, a grant is, A form of gift that entails certain obligations on the part of the grantee and expectations on the part of the grantor. The key word there is obligations. Getting a government grant will get you lot of obligations and not fulfilling them will grant you a lot of legal troubles. In fact, the tantalizing but false lure of â€Å"free† money from the government has spawned some potentially disastrous government grant scams. Few Grants for Individuals Most federal grants are awarded to organizations, institutions, and state and local governments planning major projects that will benefit specific sectors of the population or the community as a whole, for example:   A neighborhood street paving projectA state-wide program to re-train displaced workersA project to attract new businesses to a depressed downtown areaA regional water conservation programA state or county-wide flood control project   Organizations that get government grants are subject to strict government oversight and must meet detailed government performance standards during the duration of the project and funding period of the grant. All project expenditures must be strictly accounted for and detailed audits are conducted by the government at least annually. All granted funds must be spent. Any money not spent goes back to the Treasury. Detailed program goals must be developed, approved and carried out exactly as specified in the grant application. Any project changes must be approved by the government. All project phases must be completed on time. And, of course, the project must be completed with demonstrable success. Failure on the part of the grant recipient to perform under the requirements of the grant can result in penalties ranging from economic sanctions to prison in cases of improper use or theft of public funds. By far, most government grants are applied for and awarded to other government agencies, states, cities, colleges and universities, and research organizations. Few individuals have the money or expertise necessary to prepare adequate applications for federal grants. Most active grant-seekers, in fact, employ full time staffs to do nothing but apply for and administer federal grants. The plain truth is that with federal funding cutbacks and competition for grants becoming more intense, seeking a federal grant always requires a lot of time and potentially a lot of money up front with no guarantee of success. Program or Project Budget Approval Through the annual federal budget process, Congress passes laws making money lots of it available to the various government agencies for doing major projects designed to assist some sector of the public. The projects may be suggested by the agencies, members of Congress, the president, states, cities, or members of the public. But, in the end, Congress decides which programs get how much money for how long. Finding and Applying for Grants Once the federal budget is approved, funds for the grant projects start to become available and are announced in the Federal Register throughout the year. The official access point for information on all federal grants is the Grants.gov website. Who is Eligible to Apply for Grants? The grant’s entry on the Grants.gov website will list which organizations or individuals are eligible to apply for the grants. The entry for all grants will also explain: How  the grant money can be used;How to apply including detailed contact information;How applications will be reviewed, judged and awarded; andWhat is expected of successful grantees including reports, audits, and performance standards Other Types of Federal Government Benefits While grants are clearly off the table, there are several other federal government benefit and assistance programs that can and do help individuals with many needs and life situations Beware the ‘Free’ Government Grant Scams The illusion that government grants are somehow â€Å"owed† to taxpayers and are thus available for â€Å"free† has inevitably led to numerous dangerous grant-getting scams. Consider the following offer. â€Å"Because you pay your income taxes on time, you have been awarded a free $12,500 government grant! To get your grant, simply give us your checking account information, and we will direct-deposit the grant into your bank account!† So compelling! But as the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the nation’s consumer protection agency warns, such money for nothing† grant offers are almost always scams. Some ads will claim that just about anybody will qualify to get â€Å"free grants† to pay for education, home improvements, business expenses, even credit card balances. Along with email ads, grants scammers often make telephone calls claiming they work for a â€Å"government agency† that has â€Å"discovered† you qualify for a grant. In either case, the claim is the same: your application for a grant is guaranteed to be accepted, and you’ll never have to pay the money back. No matter what the offer’s bait is, the hook is always the same. After congratulating them on their eligibility, the scammer asks their victim for their checking account information so the grant money can be â€Å"deposited directly† into their account or to cover a â€Å"one-time processing fee.† The scammer may even reassure the victims that they will get a full refund if they are not satisfied. Of course, the reality is that while the victims never see any grant money, they do see money disappear from the bank accounts. As the FTC advises, consumers should never give out their bank account information to anyone they don’t know. â€Å"Always keep your bank account information confidential. Don’t share it unless you are familiar with the company and know why the information is necessary,† warns the FTC. Persons who suspect they have been a victim of a government grant scam should file a complaint with the FTC online, or call toll-free, 1-877-FTC-HELP (1-877-382-4357); TTY: 1-866-653-4261. The FTC enters Internet, telemarketing, identity theft, and other fraud-related complaints into Consumer Sentinel, a secure online database available to hundreds of civil and criminal law enforcement agencies in the U.S. and abroad.

Critical review of Literature Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Critical review of Literature - Research Paper Example These factors mean that interventions for alcohol dependency in children and young people have to vary slightly from standard interventions. As a public health topic, alcohol dependency in this age group is important as it can help to normalize certain behaviours (Lembke, 2011), which may further the problem. Alcohol itself is one of the biggest burdens on the NHS, as it can lead to problems with the cardiovascular and digestive systems (Lembke, 2011), as well as causing dementia and related psychiatric problems. The purpose of this research is to explore which interventions for alcohol dependency in the 10-17 age bracket are most appropriate, and should inform policy guidelines on the matter. To do this, a critical review of the literature on the topic will be conducted. In this review, primary research on alcohol dependency in young people will be explored to show some of the most important issues that this age group has with alcohol dependency. This will highlight the important areas upon which to focus when considering interventions, and suggest areas that may be missing from current knowledge. Additionally, current policy guidelines in the UK will be analysed to ascertain whether they are appropriate when considered in light of the literature review. Literature published before 2002 was excluded from the literature review as it was deemed to be irrelevant and potentially out of date, particularly the information on guidelines. Literature that was included was judged to be the most relevant amongst the search results at that time when informing the research objectives. Alcohol dependency in children and young people is on the rise in the UK (NICE, 2011), and therefore has the potential to become a serious public health issue. Bonomo et al (2004) researched the relationship between alcohol dependency in those aged 14 to 15 and their

Entrepreneurship Climate in the Organization Assignment

Entrepreneurship Climate in the Organization - Assignment Example How smart entrepreneurs harness the power of paranoia, n.d., p.62). The person who defines and designs various strategies is equally evaluated as for his forwarded strategies. The novel ideas arise from various innovations occurring to contemporary marketing and management necessities. Those identified new approaches are often accepted by almost every firm to a maximum extent as they wish to run with the pace of existing business scenario. But, it is a real-time fact that they are unable to implement those up to a cent percent limit; yet they are approaching of course. Innovation and changes are tried to be adapted and implemented to the organizational structuring and functioning because a delay to capture novel variations in trade sector will make position to be degraded from the current. Traditional approaches keep track of resources and their utilization and related strategic possibilities limited within themselves. This can never help a firm out to a higher status in a current market set up. â€Å"Opportunities are the focus of the entrepreneurially managed firm.† (What I worry? How smart entrepreneurs harness the power of paranoia, n.d., p.61). Organizations can meet their entire objectives only from chances they achieve in their field of play. So, it becomes to make up for an attitude to accept and work towards modernization and revolutionize organization’s age-old trends and approaches. Entrepreneurial culture can be cultivated to handle threats and challenges just to pace towards excellence of business and profit. The answer can be started with the words of Dave Lakhani who is the entrepreneur in Boise, Idaho saying â€Å"if you’re not a little bit paranoid, your complacent.....complacency is what leads people into missed opportunities and business failure.† (What I worry? How smart entrepreneurs harness the power of paranoia, n.d., p.61).  

IFRS and GAAP Accounting Principles Essay Example for Free

IFRS and GAAP Accounting Principles Essay IFRS is also referred to as International Financial Reporting Standards. They are set of standards of accounting developed by International Accounting Standards Board (IASA). They are becoming the standards in the globe to be used for preparation of financial statements for the public companies. IASB is independent body which sets accounting standards which is based in London (McLaughlin, 2009). This body consists of fifteen members who are from nine countries including United States. IASB started operating in 2001 since it succeeded International Accounting Standards Committee. With desperate laws, cultures, tax regulation and commerce, individual nations, overtime have come so as to develop accounting systems of their own. In United States, Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB), formed in year 1973, was third group which developed the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in U. S, since the formal setting of standards which started in 1939. FASB is the first group in US which employed independently funded full-time professionals to be independent in accounting profession. Sanctioned officially in 1973 December, by Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which was federal regulator, FASB up to now continues setting accounting standards for U. S (Subramani, 2009). IASC was formed shortly after FASB had been formed in the same year so as to develop accounting standards which will be internationally accepted. During the early 1970s, economy of the globe was at that time marked by expansion of the cross-border activities. This time seemed to be right in considering whether there was a need to set universal accounting standards to address world which was shrinking (McLaughlin, 2009). IASC in their effort of promoting acceptance of one set standards of accounting globally, tried to write certain inclusive standards. Committee members often had difficult in achieving a common consensus on proper accounting treatment to transactions which were similar or the same (AICPA, 2010). They identified preferred treatments, but accounting which was different with also different results was as well allowed. They considered this as necessary so as to promote the acceptance of complete set for the world accounting standards. If specific standard was much different from that which was accepted generally in an individual country, that nation may not accept all the set standards. It was better in allowing some alternatives in order to bring many nations into the mix. International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) replaced IASC after it had issued 41accounting standards to be used internationally in 2001. Since formation of IASB, it has issued around eight IFRS and also they have modified several international accounting standards (IASs). In 2000, European Commission provided the international standards large boost as it announced initiative which required every listed company in the European union to be using IFRS starting the year 2005. Before mandatory introduction for all companies to use IFRS, all countries in European Community regulated separately their standards of reporting (McLaughlin, 2009). The measure of using IFRS did not affect the non-listed companies in Europe. European ministers’ council approved IFRS in 2002. At the start of 2005; approximate of 7000 companies effected the change. Around 6500 of these companies had been prior reporting GAAP in their own country, with almost 3000 of them in UK alone (Ernst Young, 2009). EU however, never endorsed three paragraphs in IAS 39, and these were standards which deal with measurements and recognition of the financial instruments. Volatility potential of the earnings which was related to such paragraphs’ accounting macro hedge as well as option of fair value made the standard setters to go back in the drawing board several times, but there was no appearance of silver bullets. Up to now, EU has not fully endorsed set of the IFRS which was promulgated by IASB (Jermakowicz, Epstein, 2008). Failure of EU to fully endorse these set of international standards is significant issues to several reasons, not the few which is requirement in the IAS1, financial statement presentation that is explicitly stated by a company that their financial statements are complying with the IFRS (McLaughlin, 2009). Companies are further not allowed to state their financial statements as complying with IFRS if it does not fully comply with whole body of the IFRS. The accounting standards so as to gain world wide acceptance, there is a need for them to be universally applied. It is necessary to have comparability. Financial statement set prepared using GAAP of country A is not comparable suddenly to another which is prepared using GAAP of country B since both of them on the top states IFRS (AICPA, 2010). United States key regulator priority is the consistent application of these standards. If to be accordance with the IFRS means the similar and same transactions have to be accounted in same way in every nation, then preparing financial statements according to IFRS will have to add value. Investors will no longer waste their effort and time in reconciling financial information when comparing to companies which are similar but in different countries (Subramani, 2009). Capital will then flow efficiently and at a low cost to companies in many places. Another major boost for acceptance of the IFRS was seen in 2002as the Norwalk Agreement was being signed and was reaffirmed in the Memorandum of Understanding in 2006. IASB in the London together with FASB in the Norwalk agreed to remove the differences in their standard sets and converge it on high-quality standards (Ernst Young, 2009). The emphasis was on high-quality and this meant that if the FASB standards or IASB standard was deemed to be better, then the convergence was would be on the superior one. If neither of them had sufficient standards which would qualify to be used internationally, then the two boards would jointly work together to produce new standards. Work is on progress in developing a conceptual single framework which will guide in setting future standards. Convergence between U. S GAAP and IFRS do not mean accounting standards should become identical. It means that in the cases where the transactions are similar or the same, then the accounting should be just the same, or if not so, the disclosures should be transparent to enable reader understand about the differences (Subramani, 2009). Also the standard setters are putting more effort to reduce the difference which is in the two systems. Three significant differences between IFRS and GAAP. The difference between the two set of standards include the following: in the US GAAP in the income statement, extraordinary items is restricted to some items which are both infrequent and unusual (McLaughlin, 2009). Negative goodwill usually is treated as an extraordinary item. In the IFRS, income statement usually prohibits extraordinary items. In the US GAAP the significant items in the income statement are presented separately at the face of income statement just as component of operation going on, where as in the IFRS significant items in the income statement separate the disclosure of nature and also the amount required, but it can be included in income statement or notes (Ernst Young, 2009). Changes in the equity in U. S PAAF are present in all the changes in every caption of the stockholders’ equity either in separate statement or foot note. Equity changes in IRFS at least, presents components which are related to expense and income recognized as section of separate statement (AICPA, 2010). Other equity changes are disclosed either in notes or presented as a part of one, combined statement in all equity changes. Three similarities between IFRS and GAAP. In both accounting standards, exchange losses and gains on the settled items and also on the monetary items which are unsettled should be taken to loss or profit for that period. When loss or gain on non-monetary items is directly recognized in equity, then that loss or gain is further taken to the equity (Ernst Young, 2009). On the other hand if losses or gains on non-monetary item are taken in loss or profit, then related component of exchange would further be included in loss or profit. Functional currency should be currency of primary economy in environment the business is operating. The other currencies should be treated or termed as foreign currencies. Presentation of currencies should be currencies used in presenting financial statement and is usually matter of one’s choice (AICPA, 2010). Financial statements should be prepared by the functional currency of the entity but may be presented by any other form of currency. Individual transactions should be translated at rate on date of transaction, or at any average rate for period if the rates do not significantly fluctuate. Identify three potential risks of IFRS and GAAP convergence. There are several risks which may affect companies as a result of the convergence. They include that; the convergence may risk tax rate and thus making it not to be effective to some companies, it may also risk the long term financial agreements and contracts, and it may also risk timing of the revenue recognition (Ernst Young, 2009).

Knights of the Middle Ages Essay examples -- Middle Ages Medieval

Knights became important in the Middle Ages as warriors recruited by their lords for military service. They were equipped with defensive garment, armor and weapons, and they were trained to fight on horseback since they were children. They also took part in jousts and tournaments in order to exercise their fighting skills and to show their battle skills. Knights were part of the nobility of the Middle Ages. Nobles lived much more comfortably than peasants, but their lives were not glamorous. Some knights inherited or were given castles which had been built for security but not for comfort. It is supposed that some medieval stories are based on the lives of the courageous warriors who lived in those times no matter whether they died during a battle or whether they won. Authors took them as an ideal exemplar and they added several elements to make the knight superior. However, the perfect knight is just a character of medieval stories, a product of the author?s imagination or inspiration, perhaps taking a real knight of those times as a model. This work aims to describe the most important characteristics of the life of the medieval knight and his role in the society of the Middle Ages. Afterwards, a comparison between these characteristics and the description of the figure of the knight found in medieval literature as an ideal and model man will be established, highlighting their beliefs and values. The word Knight is the modern form of several old terms. Among these, the primary equivalent comes from Old English cniht, which means boy or youth, secondly, from German, two terms are closely related, the first one being knecht, translated as servant, and the second one, ritter, which means rider. Lastly,... ...yday life, the knight was supposed to follow the code of chivalry and exalt his moral virtues, humility was one of them, for example. However, he was engaged in battles and tournaments seeking for honour, prestige and power. There was no other alternative, he ?had to? win, and in this way, he would have the respect and admiration of others. A well-known surname, an expensive armour, good weapons and a trained horse were not enough. In knighthood, it was extremely important that a knight would become popular and have a high social standing. It might seem that a knight?s life was full of adventures and excitement, though it was not really like this. The way towards knighthood was not so simple as it involved a permanent dedication and commitment since early stages and knighthood itself meant facing sacrifices, dangerous situations, defeats and even death.

African American Reconstruction Essay

?Reconstruction in the 1800’s can have a lot of different meanings. For some the reconstruction was the rejoining of the two sides that fought in the civil war, the North and the South. For others in government it was the presidential reconstruction after the death of Lincoln. Most importantly for some reconstruction mean finally being a free man with right and who could vote and provide for his family. The African Americans were a big part of reconstruction, just being freed by the passing of the thirteenth amendment which was adopted on December 6, 1865. This new law stated â€Å"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, nor any place subject to their jurisdiction. † Being freed was a step in the right direction for the African American, but anything not properly followed through with can end up undoing itself. Unfortunately for the African Americans in the south the progress towards freedom and citizenship and equality had hoped for took a terrible turn for the worse and most of their dreams were crushed. The north removing their army from the south to settle a dispute over who would be president undid what the 14th and 15th amendment were set to do and with no enforcement of them and the black codes life for the average African American remained one filled with difficulties and racism. In 1863 the emancipation proclamation was written to give freedom to all slaves in the rebel states, soon following that the Thirteenth amendment was passed. This Thirteenth amendment took the emancipation proclamation one step further and freed the slaves wherever they may be. Now the mass of newly freed African Americans in the South had to face the difficulties of getting a life started while being surrounded by many angry white Southerners. It granted them their freedom, but did nothing to guarantee them with voting rights, benefits, or the same opportunities as their white countrymen. Imagine you spent your whole life surrounded by people who considered you less than a person. To them you were just a mass of living space that only had the brain capacity to do simple jobs. Once you received a certain document, that says you are a full human being with all the capabilities of others, do you think those people would instantly accept this change and consider you an equal in society? When the civil war came to a close, the White Southerners moved quickly to put an end to the African American’s newfound freedom. They wanted a way to return African Americans back to what they were before the war, which were slaves. In order to do this without getting in too much trouble from the north they had to do it in a way that seemed neutral and fair to all races. Anyone with common sense however could tell that these laws were passed specifically to limit African Americans. These laws started out as what were commonly referred to as the black codes. These were a set of laws that were applied specifically to African Americans to help keep them in a form of slavery. Some of these laws were. â€Å"No person of color shall migrate into and reside in this state, unless, within twenty days after his arrival within the same, he shall enter into a bond with two freeholders as sureties†. â€Å"Servants shall not be absent from the premises without the permission of the master†. â€Å"Servants must assist their masters â€Å"in the defense of his own person, family, premises, or property†. â€Å"No person of color could become an artisan, mechanic, or shopkeeper unless he obtained a license from the judge of the district court – a license that could cost $100 or more. † These laws however didn’t stick around forever and then the Jim Crow Laws were put into place. The Jim Crow laws stated that it is okay for African Americans and whites to be separate as long as they were equal. Even the Supreme Court said that Jim Crow Laws were constitutional even though the stuff that the African Americans got was so much less quality. â€Å"For we colored people did not know how to be free and the white people did not know how to have a free colored person about them. † This quote was stated by the name of Houston Hartsfield Holloway following the passing of the thirteenth amendment. Most of these African Americans didn’t know how to be free and adapting to this new life was extremely difficult. These Freeman had to now face the difficult task of not only dealing with the racism of the white southerners living around then but also needed to get jobs. The freedman bureau was then created to try and help newly freed slaves get on their feet. The freedman bureau created March 3, 1865 main focus was to† provide food and medical care, to help the freedmen to resettle, to ensure justice for the freedmen, to manage abandoned or confiscated property, to regulate labor, and to establish schools. † Now that it was legal for these newly freed men to learn, establishing school in which they could learn was very important. These schools would help them learn trades and skills to help them get jobs. While the freedman’s bureau did not establish schools itself, it coordinated and helped to finance the activities of northern societies committed to black education. It is stated in the Voices of Freedom book written by Eric Foner that by the year 1969 only four years after the thirteenth amendment was passed nearly 3000 schools were established in the south. More impressive than that, these schools have more than 150000 pupils. The bureau was able to give former slaves most of the basics like food, shelter, clothing, and a way to make a living. Without being given the basics there is no way the African Americans would ever be able to take care of themselves and support their families. They needed help adapting to the new freedoms they were given, just as white men had to adapt to them being free, (although most of the time white men still treated them like dirt). The passing of the fourteenth and fifteenth amendments helped to make great strides towards equality for African Americans. This amendment was the â€Å"heart† of Congress’ reaction to Johnson’s reconstruction plan and said that all people born in the United States are citizens. This upturned the 1857 Supreme Court decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford. In this case it stated that persons of African descent were not citizens and therefore not entitled to constitutional rights. On top of that it also prohibited states from revoking â€Å"life, liberty or property† without due process of law. Finally it required states to guarantee equal protection under the law. All states were required to ratify it. It was of course to get some of the southern states to ratify a law like this that on top of giving freedom to African Americans would also give them civil rights. Just because the fourteenth amendment said something, which did not mean that it would be enforced. The Military and Reconstruction Act of 1867 however, was passed to make sure that it was. The funny thing about this act is, on the very last day of session for congress, and the congress that was currently fighting with the current president to the point where they tried to kick him out of office overrode his veto and had it passed. The Ten Confederate States that had refused to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment were divided into five military districts. Each military district was put under the direction of a military governor authorized to appoint and remove state officials. Voters were registered, and suffrage was extended to freedmen. State constitutional conventions were called, and elected delegates were charged with drafting new constitutional provisions providing for black suffrage. Finally, states were required to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment before readmission. The congress didn’t stop here however; they later passed even more military reconstruction acts. â€Å"The new acts directed military commanders to register voters, call conventions, and organize elections, rather than wait for state officials to act. In the face of recalcitrance from Johnson’s executive branch and white southerners attempting to subvert the law, Congress in July 1867 passed a third Reconstruction Act, declaring the existing state governments in the South illegal and subject to military control and the U. S. Congress. † In an attempt to delay the creation of new state governments, some southern whites turned to a provision of the first Reconstruction Act requiring that a majority of registered voters was necessary to ratify a new constitution and called for a boycott of the ratifying election. On March 11, 1868, Congress passed a fourth and final Reconstruction Act that allowed a majority of those voting to ratify a new constitution, regardless of the size of the attendance. President Johnson, being the leader of this nation at the time, worked to delay and obstruct the army from enforcing these laws. The main job of the fifteenth amendment was to give the right of vote to any male of any race. Section two of this article also said â€Å"The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. † This sounds great at first that the African Americans will not be able to vote with no problems. This, as good as it looked in writing, would ultimately fail in some places due to the terrorist threats that were places upon African Americans who planned on voting. During reconstruction African Americans were brandished political power in the south for the first time. Most of these men were those who either lived in the north or lived abroad, and were educated. Before holding political power most were either lawyers or teachers. Black political power was unfortunately short-lived. Northern politicians grew increasingly conciliatory to the white South, so that by 1872 virtually all leaders of the Confederacy had been pardoned and were again able to vote and hold office. The white men were able to take back the south by putting economic pressure on the blacks and by threatening them. One of the biggest ways in which the blacks were threatened was by the Ku Klux Klan, also known as the KKK. The Ku Klux Klan was originally organized in the winter of 1865-66 in Pulaski, Tennessee as a social club by six Confederate veterans. It started out small and was kept secret at first. When the Klan was first formed they had no violent intentions in mind. After they had a large amount of growth however it turned from a group of people into a terrorist organization. The Klan systematically murdered black politicians and political leaders. It beat, whipped, and murdered thousands, and intimidated tens of thousands of others from voting. The African Americans of course tried to fight back to this injustice at first but because they were outnumbered and had no guns, they didn’t have a chance. â€Å"A 103-year-old woman was whipped, as was a completely paralyzed man. In Georgia, Abraham Colby, an organizer and leader in the black community, was whipped for hours in front of his wife and children. † The KKK’s main objective was white supremacy but President Grant responded to their attacks. In the year 1868 Ulysses S. Grant ran for office and used the slogan â€Å"let us have peace†. After getting the fifteenth amendment passed, the Enforcement Acts were passed, which made it a crime to interfere with registration, voting, office holding, or jury service of blacks. Because of this new law over a 1000 members of the KKK who violated it and interfered were convicted. On top of this act to protect the African Americans there was also the Ku Klux Klan act. These new acts made it so it was okay for the government to interferer and help put a stop against terrorist acts. This act although it did help a little was not greatly enforced. In the year of 1876 was the presidential election of Samuel J. Tilden vs. the Republican Rutherford B. Hayes. In this election Hayes ended up winning the popular vote, but as far as electoral votes went it was a tie. This was a big problem and a hard decision to appease until there was the Compromise of 1877. This Compromise would swing the vote away from the Democrats and to the Republicans in return for the removal of all remaining troops from the south. It was on that day that the period of reconstruction would end and the reconstruction for African American would begin to go backwards in the south. Africans Americans were given a sliver of hope and promised to be free equal man just to have the government not follow up on its promise. With all of the troops now removed from the south there was no one there to help protect them or to enforce the laws in which gave them freedoms and rights. They never did go completely back to the way it was before the civil war, but because of how in those net couple of years segregation and discrimination could have been eliminated it is just as tragic. African American Reconstruction helped lay out a great pathway for African Americans to become truly equal and free men in the United Stated. Unfortunately because of their not being enough support from the government they would get to walk down that path to equality for many years later.

Aggressive Driving

Sometimes I wonder why people died of accident. Some blame this on reckless or aggressive driving while some believe it is normal for accident to occur. This is why the issue of aggressive driving has been a very vital issue today. These are recognized aggressive driving behaviors: over speeding, tailgating, weaving and running red lights, darting in and out of lanes, yelling and gesturing etc.Growing concerns about these drivers and the hazards they create on the roads have led to a flurry of activity by safety groups, law enforcement, mental health professionals and legislatures.There have been different studies about this issue and this study is very important, because these drivers’ endangers their life and others. Sometimes it might be suicide on the drivers’ part.One of these studies is the findings by the Institute for Traffic Safety Management and Research at the University of Albany, in conjunction with Fact Finders, Inc. and the New York Governor's Traffic Saf ety Committee, which showed that almost 29 percent of those surveyed say they see someone driving aggressively every day.Most of the participants admitted that they tend to drive more aggressively when in hurry, but not when angry or in a bad mood. The survey also indicated that aggressive driving poses problems for teens. The survey found that 24 percent of those aged 16 to 24 say they sometimes or most of the time drive aggressively as compared with 11 percent for those aged 45 to 54.In another study by the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, which found that between 1990 and 1996 road rage contributed to 218 deaths and 12,610 injuries.The study analyzed 10,037 police reports and newspaper stories about traffic accidents that led to violence. What's more, AAA found that road rage incidents increased nearly 7 percent each year within that six year period. Some experts blame the increase on longer commutes, which have led to more people on the roads others blame it on aggressiveness, risk-taking and personality traits of high-anger drivers.In conclusion, this study shows that teens are more likely to drive aggressively. In addition, there is a difference in the number of aggressive behavior between Convertible/Sports car (Porsche) drivers and drivers of Minivan and Truck.It is believed that drivers of Trucks and Minivans drink most of the time than those driving sports car and will most times drive aggressively.Reference:Dittmann, M, â€Å"Anger on the road†, Monitor staff, (2005, June).

Grapes of Wrath Quotes

Grapes of Wrath Quotes The Grapes of Wrath is a novel by Nobel-Prize winning author John Steinbeck that is considered a classic piece of American literature. Published in 1939, the plot centers around the Joads, a family of sharecroppers, who journey to California seeking a new life as they attempt to escape the devasting effects of the Oklahoma Dust Bowl and The Great Depression. Selected Quotes from The Grapes of Wrath Houses were shut tight, and cloth wedged around doors and windows, but the dust came in so thinly that it could not be seen in the air, and it settled like pollen on the chairs and tables, on the dishes. Before I knowed it, I was sayin out loud, The hell with it! There aint no sin and there aint no virtue. Theres just stuff people do. Its all part of the same thing.... I says, Whats this call, this sperit? An I says, Its love. I love people so much Im fit to bust, sometimes.... I figgered, Why do we got to hang it on God or Jesus? Maybe, I figgered, maybe its all men an all women we love; maybe thats the Holy Sperit-the human sperit-the whole shebang. Maybe all men got one big soul everbodys a part of. Now I sat there thinkin it, an all of a sudden- I knew it. I knew it so deep down that it was true, and I still know it. They breathe profits; they eat the interest on money. If they dont get it, they die the way you die without air, without side-meat. The bank is something more than men, I tell you. Its the monster. Men made it, but they cant control it. I got thinkin how we was holy when we was one thing, an mankin was holy when it was one thing. An it ony got unholy when one misable little fella got the bit in his teeth an run off his own way, kickin an draggin an fightin. Fella like that bust the holi-ness. But when theyre all workin together, not one fella for another fella, but one fella kind of harnessed to the whole shebang- thats right, thats holy. It aint that big. The whole United States aint that big. It aint that big. It aint big enough. There aint room enough for you an me, for your kind an my kind, for rich and poor together all in one country, for thieves and honest men. For hunger and fat. Man, unlike any other thing organic or inorganic in the universe, grows beyond his work, walks up the stairs of his concepts, emerges ahead of his accomplishments. Fear the time when the strikes stop while the great owners live- for every little beaten strike is proof that the step is being taken... fear the time when Manself will not suffer and die for a concept, for this one quality is the foundation of Manself, and this one quality is man, distinctive in the universe. Is a tractor bad? Is the power that turns the long furrows wrong? If this tractor were ours, it would be good- not mine, but ours. We could love that tractor then as we have loved this land when it was ours. But this tractor does two things- it turns the land and turns us off the land. There is little difference between this tractor and a tank. The people were driven, intimidated, hurt by both. We must think about this. Okie use ta mean you was from Oklahoma. Now it means youre a dirty son-of-a-bitch. Okie means youre scum. Dont mean nothing itself, its the way they say it. I know this... a man got to do what he got to do. Theys a time of change, an when that comes, dyin is a piece of all dyin, and bearin is a piece of all bearin, an bearin an dyin is two pieces of the same thing. An then things aint so lonely anymore. An then a hurt dont hurt so bad. And the great owners, who must lose their land in an upheaval, the great owners with access to history, with eyes to read history and to know the great fact: when property accumulates in too few hands it is taken away. And that companion fact: when a majority of the people are hungry and cold they will take by force what they need. And the little screaming fact that sounds through all history: repression works only to strengthen and knit the repressed. How can you frighten a man whose hunger is not only in his own cramped stomach but in the wretched bellies of his children? You cant scare him- he has known a fear beyond every other. Were Joads. We dont look up to nobody. Grampas grampa, he fit in the Revolution. We was farm people till the debt. And then- them people. They done somepin to us. Ever time they come seemed like they was a-whippin me- all of us. An in Needles, that police. He done somepin to me, made me feel mean. Made me feel ashamed. An now I aint ashamed. These folks is our folks- is our folks. An that manager, he come an set an drank coffee, an he says, Mrs. Joad this, an Mrs. Joad that- an How you getting on, Mrs. Joad? She stopped and sighed. Why, I feel like people again. The migrant people, scuttling for work, scrabbling to live, looked always for pleasure, dug for pleasure, manufactured pleasure, and they were hungry for amusement. In the souls of the people, the grapes of wrath are filling and growing heavy, growing heavy for the vintage. Says one time he went out in the wilderness to find his own soul, an he foun he didnt have no soul that was hisn. Says he foun he jus got a little piece of a great big soul. Says a wilderness aint no good, cause his little piece of a soul wasnt no good less it was with the rest, an was whole. Whenever theys a fight so hungry people can eat, Ill be there. Whenever theys a cop beatin up a guy, Ill be there... Ill be in the way guys yell when theyre mad an Ill be in the way kids laugh when theyre hungry an they know suppers ready. An when our folks eat the stuff they raise an live in the houses they build- why, Ill be there.

The Best Times to Post on Social Media in 2019 Based on Research

The Best Times to Post on Social Media in 2019 Based on Research When exactly is the best time to post on social media? This is a common question, and if youve ever attempted to plan a social media posting schedule from scratch, you know why. Its difficult to know when and how often to post across networks without trial and error. Fortunately, theres research you can follow to find some smart starting points. In this post, youll learn: What 25 studies say about the best posting times on every major network, including original data from . When you should consider posting based on your specific industry. How to determine your own best times using custom Google Analytics reports to measure social media referral traffic. Plus, youll find information around s methodology for gathering internal data, tips for taking time zones into consideration, and more. The Best Times to Post on Social Media in 2019 Based on Research via @Three Google Analytics Custom Reports + Social Media Calendar = Scheduling Success What could make all this information better? A handful of no-cost tools to help you implement it. This kit includes: Three Google Analytics custom reports used to track your best times based on social referral traffic. Theyre included in a .txt file with instructions on how to them. Social media calendar template to write and schedule all your posts in advance. Social media strategy eBook (including a foreword from Jay Baer) to help you devise a more effective overall plan. Download them now and start scheduling your way to success. Table of Contents: Best Times to Post on Instagram Best Times to Post on Facebook Best Times to Post on Twitter Best Times to Post on LinkedIn Best Times to Post on Pinterest Best Days to Post on Social Media Finding Your Own Best Times About the 25 Studies Used in This Post This post is packed with statistics and data from 25 different studies. That includes anonymized data from customers, plus 24 others from around the web. Some of these studies cross-reference one another, but each provides at least some degree of individual insight and opinions on the matter. Original Research: Later TrackMaven Buffer Hootsuite FreeCodeCamp Neil Patel (via Kissmetrics) Oberlo The Balance Raka Creative Unmetric Compiled Research: Buffer Hubspot Post Planner Falcon.io SurePayroll TruConversion The Huffington Post BizTraffic BootCamp Digital QuickSprout The Drum Search Engine Journal Maria Halthoff Impulse Creative Your "TL;DR" Best Times to Post in 2019 If you don't have time to read through the process behind how this data was gathered, that's okay. Here are some quick times for each network, laid out in a single detailed infographic, to help you get the answers you need quickly. Of course, it's also recommended to bookmark this post for future reference, and for when you do have time to sit down with it in greater depth. When is the Best Time to Post on Instagram? The popular visual social network isn’t much of a traffic driver (though it can be useful for directing targeted traffic toward specific pages using the one link you get in your bio), but it does have a highly engaged audience. Here’s when you can expect the most activity. B2C Businesses:  The best time for businesses selling consumer products here looks to be before work, over lunch, and when people are relaxing at home late at night. B2B Businesses:  The times for B2B are similar, with the most activity happening around lunch and after work. Software Businesses:  Not much change here either, though it seems like right before and right after lunch might be best. It's possible those of us working in software spend lunches looking away from screens. Healthcare Companies:  Healthcare businesses appear to do best at off-peak hours in mid-morning and early afternoon. Media Companies:  Driving traffic from Instagram is tough, but it's valuable for brand-building, even for media publishers. The best times are when people are just getting into work, taking their lunch break, or looking for an afternoon break. Higher Education:  When it comes to higher education, catching people after work appears to be most effective. It could be that people are responsive to the idea of advancing their education or making a career switch right when they're leaving work (hopefully you don't feel that way though). Instagram Network Summary Here are your best times broken down by industry (according to internal research by ): B2C: 8 am, 1 pm, and 9 pm. B2B: 12 pm-1 pm, 5 pm-6 pm, 8 pm-9pm. Software Services: 11 am, 1 pm, 5 pm. Healthcare: 10 am and 2 pm. Media: 9 am, 12 pm, and 3 pm. Higher Education: 5 pm - 6 pm Other Sources What about other sources, though? Later  says your best bet is to post between 11 am and 1 pm, and 7 pm and 9 pm. The idea is to catch people over lunch and when they’re winding down for the night. TrackMaven  narrows that down further to 7 pm on Fridays. HubSpot  suggests rolling with any time other than 3pm-4pm (when people may be deep in work), or considering 8 am on Mondays to catch people starting their work weeks. Post Planner, citing a study from Sprout, suggests avoiding 9 am to 4 pm when people are most likely at work. Falcon.io  suggests posting between 11 am and 1 pm (lunch hour for a lot of folks) or at 2 am (theoretically, this might mean catching people looking at their phones after bar close). Oberlo seconds the suggestion to post around lunchtime. TruConversion  reports that 2 am and 5 pm are the best times. That seconds the idea of posting in the early morning (late night?) hours, or right when people are leaving work. Hootsuite  says to post between noon and 1 pm, supporting the findings of several other studies. BizTraffic  deviates from other reports by saying you can post at literally any time on this network. QuickSprout opines that Fortune 500 companies post most heavily during business hours. The Drum suggests posting between 9 am and 6 pm Tuesday through Friday. When is the Best Time to Post on Facebook? Marketing on the world’s most popular social network isn’t as easy as it used to be. Organic reach has been in sharp decline for years, and it’s increasingly becoming a pay-to-play platform. But, that doesn’t mean it’s time to ignore organic efforts here. Optimizing your posting schedule is part of refining a broader strategy to get as much opportunity here as possible. B2C Businesses: Similar to Instagram, people jump on Facebook when they have breaks in their day. B2B Businesses:  And when it comes to B2B, it appears as though catching people when they need a brain break in the afternoon is effective. Software Businesses:  Again, for software companies, before work, after work, and mid-afternoon is best. It's notable that noon isn't the most effective (which could mean opportunity, or it could mean that time is just too competitive). Healthcare Companies:  Mornings work best for healthcare companies. Catching people when they're waking up is the best time here, which makes sense, since people may be looking for entertainment rather than improving their health later in the day. Media Companies:  The best times to catch people for news are when they're waking up, going to lunch, or just getting home from work. Those line up with times a lot of people catch up on news in general. Higher Education:  See a pattern emerging here? If you're sharing content for higher education, consider experimenting with the peak times shown below, and posting when there's less activity, too. Facebook Network Summary When the team crunched the data, the following times and ranges appeared to drive the most activity: B2C: 9 am to 10 am, 12 pm - 1 pm, 4 pm to 5 pm. B2B: 9 am to 4 pm, with 3 pm to 4 pm being the best. Software Services: 9 am to 5 pm, then it drops off. 9 am, 3 pm, and 5 pm are the best. Healthcare: 6 am-7 am, 9 am, 11 am-Noon. Media: 7 am, 11 am, 6 pm. Higher Education: 8 am, Noon, 3 pm. Other Sources Here’s what other sources say about general best times to post: Hootsuite  suggests posting between noon and 3 pm on weekdays. That’d catch people on lunch, or when they’re looking for an afternoon distraction. Bootcamp Digital  suggests following the times your Insights say are best, posting 1 to 4 times a week with high-quality content. TrackMaven  suggests that 8 pm on Thursdays is the best time. Hubspot  says 1 pm to 4 pm is generally best. Falcon.io’s findings are similar, saying that noon to 4 pm is where most of the action is at. When it comes to Facebook Live, a study from FreeCodeCamp  found 6 am to 7 am, Monday through Friday, provided the best results. One caveat: it’s extremely important to test this data for yourself. Fortunately, they provide an entire framework on how to do this (provided you’re ready to roll up your sleeves and get your hands dirty with coding and APIs). The Balance adds that Facebook Live videos are getting significantly better performance than other types of posts. Search Engine Journal says Facebook Live videos get 6x the engagement of traditional video content, but they need to be timed to align with when your audience is most active. QuickSprout says times vary in different industries, but most see a boost later in the week. Unmetric says the sweet spot is between 9 am and 2 pm. Maria Halthoff recommends posting at 9 am, 1 pm, and 3 pm on Thursdays, Fridays, and weekends. Impulse Creative suggests that the worst time to post is between 8 pm and 3 am. When is the Best Time to Post on Twitter? Twitter is a high-volume network and it works best when you have a steady stream of relevant content. But, can you expect more engagement and clicks at certain times of day? B2C Businesses: People use Twitter all day because it's so frequently updated, but catching people when they're waking up and winding down lines up with when most people do their heaviest web browsing. B2B Businesses:  That's (mostly) true whether you're in B2C or B2B. Software Businesses:  Promoting software services on Twitter deviates somewhat from other B2B and B2C verticals, in that it's best to catch people when they're in a work mindest and are taking a break from their tasks, or heading home. Healthcare Companies:  Mornings and evenings are your bread and butter for healthcare. Media Companies:  Media companies and bloggers are some of the heaviest publishers of Twitter content. While it's advisable to maintain a consistent stream of content throughout the day here, these are the times you can expect the most engagement. Higher Education:  Stick to mornings and evenings here. Twitter Network Summary B2C: 8 am-10 am, Noon, 7 pm-9 pm B2B: 7 am-8 am, 11 am, 6 pm, 9 pm Software Services: 10 am, 2 pm, 6 pm Healthcare: 9 am, 6 pm Media: 6 am-7 am, 11 am, 7 pm-8 pm, 10 pm Higher Education: 8 am, 5 pm, 7 pm, 9 pm Other Sources And of course, here’s what other research says: According to a Buffer  analysis of over 4 million tweets, posing between 2am and 3am gets the most clicks on Twitter. TrackMaven  pins down the best time at 5 pm on Thursday. Hubspot  suggests noon to 3 pm or 5pm as the best times. Falcon.io  says noon is the definitive best time, with 5pm as the runner-up. Bootcamp Digital  simply suggests posting 2 to 10 (or more) times per day, spread throughout the day. QuickSprout suggests avoiding weekends, and also says that CTRs are highest between noon and 6 pm. Raka Creative suggests posting at 7-8 am, noon, or 5-6 pm between Tuesday and Thursday. PostPlanner keeps it simple and suggests the best time is at 5 pm on Thursdays. When is the Best Time to Post on LinkedIn? LinkedIn is a professional network, and so naturally, the best time to reach people there is when they’re taking a break from work. Or is it? Here’s what the data shows: B2C Businesses: It appears as though to best time to catch people on Twitter may be around their lunch breaks from work (for those working a 9 to 5 schedule). B2B Businesses:  When it comes to B2B audiences though, which may be more professionally-focused than broader B2C audiences, the mantra of catching people before work, at lunch, and after their evening commute holds true. Software Businesses:  Software services are the same. If you want to reach professional audiences, you've got to reach them when they're not deep in work (and oftentimes we use software services to get work done). Healthcare Companies:  Healthcare stands out somewhat from other verticals, with mid-morning to early afternoon being most effective. Media Companies:  People often read their LinkedIn feed in the morning like they'd read a morning newspaper. So, it makes sense that publishers see the greatest amount of effectiveness early in the morning. Higher Education:  Higher education may not be huge on LinkedIn, though mid-morning seems to work best (possibly catching people taking a break from work, when they're open to career and educational development opportunities). LinkedIn Network Summary The biggest takeaway here is that people use LinkedIn for professional development. So, the best times to reach people here are when workers in the industry you're targeting are taking breaks in their workday. B2C: Noon B2B: 8 am, 10 am-Noon, 6 pm Software Services: 9 am, 11 am-Noon, 5 pm-6 pm Healthcare: 10 am, Noon-2 pm Media: 8 am Higher Education: 10 am Other Sources Here’s what some other sources have to say: SurePayroll  suggests posting between Tuesday and Thursday at no specific time. The Huffington Post  suggests those same days, but narrows down 10am to 11am on Tuesday as the best day and time. BizTraffic  advises 7am, noon, and 5pm all work well. This makes sense for targeting professional audiences on an 8 to 5 schedule. Curated findings from Post Planner  support this advice. TruConversion  suggests morning through noon, Monday through Friday. When is the Best Time to Post on Pinterest? Pinterest is vastly overlooked as a marketing platform. If strong visuals are part of your content marketing strategy, then it makes total sense to get on Pinterest (especially if your audience is active there). But, when it comes to timing, the data from customers showed little correlation between times and performance. It isn’t a platform where timing necessarily matters as much as sharing the right kind of content consistently. From curated research though, these times may serve as solid guidelines: 8–11 pm with 9 pm peak 2–4 am and 2–4 pm 1–3 pm Fridays and Saturdays may be the best times. This makes sense since people often use Pinterest to plan projects (and weekends are a good time to plan for the coming weeks). What Are the General Best Days to Post on Social Media? In addition to refining your timing, taking days into consideration is important too. This is particularly true on networks where you might not post every day. So, make the most of every piece of content you share with these guidelines. Best Days to Post on Facebook Network Tips: Avoid overly-promotional content. Hashtags underperform here. Mix up posts with and without links. Best Days to Post on Instagram Network Tips: Stick to using one filter. Avoid posting more than once per day. Consider sharing late at night and on weekends. Best Days to Post on Twitter Network Tips: Twitter is a high-volume platform. Mix original and curated content. Maintain a steady stream of tweets. Best Days to Post on LinkedIn Network Tips: Post during weekdays. Keep your tone professional. Reach commuters around 7 am and 5 pm. How Do You Know When Your Followers Are On Social Media? One of the reasons you want to know when to share on social media is because you want to get more traffic to your blog. It makes sense, then, to post your content to social media when you typically get the most traffic from your unique audience. Grab these three Google Analytics custom reports (available in your kit that complements this post)  to help you know what times and days you typically get the most traffic  and measure your progress every day. Here's how: Find Your Best Day To Post On Social Media Kick off your research with the Best Days To Post On Social Media report. When you do, you'll see a list of all of your social networks listed from the ones that give you the most traffic to the least. Simply click on any network to view the days when you typically get the most traffic. Go one step further and click on the day to learn the specific times when your followers give you the most traffic from that network. Use that information to help you choose the best days to share to specific networks based on your own audience, along with the times that work best for getting traffic on those specific days. Find Your Best Time To Post On Social Media Let's say you don't care as much about the days, and instead want to know only the times when you get the most traffic from your social networks. No problem. Look at your second Google Analytics custom report, Best Time To Post On Social Network By Hour. Find the specific hour of the day when you get the most traffic by clicking through on a specific network. The times when you get the most traffic are listed in order from most to last, with 0 being midnight and 23 as 11 p.m. Now you can schedule several messages based the times when you receive the most traffic from your social followers. Measure Your Social Media Traffic By Date And Hour When you test a new posting schedule, it's a solid practice to understand how what you did impacted your success. Use the third Google Analytics custom report to view the traffic from your social networks by a specific date and hour. This report is especially handy if you're testing new publishing times and days because it will show you the traffic you received per network for a specific calendar date and time. Start by navigating to the network you'd like you know more about. You'll see the list of specific dates that show the year, month, and day like this: YYYYMMDD. Your highest-trafficked date is on top of the list. Click through on any date to see your best time. Now you can correlate this back to your social media posting schedule when you sent messages to each specific network. What’s New in This Post? You may have seen versions of this post before. It was first published back in 2014, and it has been regularly updated since then. But, things have changed enough that it warranted a total overhaul. Some changes include: All studies pre-2016 have been removed. Anything that far out-of-date has been taken out. Newer studies have been added. Because as was suggested above, recency matters. Including a wider variety of sources also helps to provide broader insights. Google+ data is now gone. Google is no longer supporting the consumer version of the network. Original data from (anonymized) customers has been included. helps marketing teams organize projects and team members all on one platform with an easy-to-use calendar interface. Since that includes scheduling social media posts (and the tool has robust analytics built in), it only made sense to contribute original research (in addition to curating findings from other sources). In other words, this post is now better researched and more useful than ever. Methodology Performance metrics from were based on anonymized data gathered from a broad cross-section of customers, including those who manage social media marketing for multiple clients. Other reports are from reputable third-party sources. Each has been vetted for its methodology, trustworthiness, and value of its insights. There are plenty more studies and blog posts on this topic out there too, and many of those are very good too (even if they’re not included here). As always, use these sorts of findings as guidelines, rather than strict rules on the right and wrong way to handle your social schedule. If your own results contradict this (or any) study, go with what works, versus what â€Å"experts† have said. Recommended Reading: How Often to Post on Social Media: Proven Research From 14 Studies Breaking Down Times By Industry This post analyzes best times based on seven different verticals. These include: B2C companies: These are companies that sell products to consumers and the public at large. B2B companies: These are companies that sell products and services to other businesses. Software service providers: These would be companies (like ) that offer software as a service (SaaS). Healthcare: Hospitals and health insurance companies fall under this vertical (for our purposes). Media: News organizations, blogs, and magazine websites are some of the heaviest users of social media. Higher education: Colleges, universities, technical schools, and other institutions of post-secondary education are categorized here. It’s possible for a company to fit into more than one category (for a couple of examples, a software company could also be either a B2B or B2C company, or a media company might be part of the marketing division of a B2B or B2C company). However, these industries were chosen in order to give this post more industry-specific granularity while being broad enough not to get overly complicated. Other Caveats When examining data, it would be easy to think that the times companies post the most would be the best, because more posts would naturally equal more total engagement at those times. So, members of ’s product development team were mindful to weight and score times by the amount of engagement relative to the total number of posts analyzed per hour in order to avoid this issue. This helps ensure that the data shows the most effective times, to the degree that it’s possible to quantify them. Recommended Reading: The Social Media Posting Schedule That Will Boost Your Results By 192% How Do You Factor In Time Zones? Did you know that Arizona doesn’t practice daylight savings time? It’s timing nuances like these that make finding the perfect times to post even harder. Before we delve into the best times to post on social media, let's take a look at the best time zones. 50% of the U.S. population is in the Eastern Time Zone, and the Eastern and Central combined represent almost 80% of the U.S. population. theory, the Eastern or Central time zone would be the best time to base off for a United States audience to reach the most people through your social media shares. For those of you who have audiences outside the United States, demographic research like this is simple enough with Google Analytics to understand where your own audience is, giving you the opportunity to target their time zones accordingly. There are also a few tools to help you find when your own audience is online and using the social networks you're concentrating on- which helps you understand the best times to share based in your local time zone. Read on to learn more. How To Use This Data To Reach More Followers With Every Social Post As you can see, not everyone agrees as to the best timing for social posts, and when they do, it's often because they're referring to the same source. Even using data doesn’t provide a perfect answer, because it doesn’t take into account: Different industries Different audiences Different goals (e.g. clicks vs. reshares) So, putting this data to work for you in an attempt to find optimal social media posting time involves four possible outcomes: 1. Pick One And Stick To It You might decide to use one of the sources listed in this post and stick to what they found. Consistency in approach has its benefits; certainly, your audience gets used to what to expect. However, you may not see the success you could. Maybe you picked the wrong one, or are limiting yourself too much. 2. Use A General Approach Of Several You could use a broad swath of ideal posting times, mixing together the days and times of several of the data sources in the hopes of finding a fit by covering a wider range. For those of you wanting to do this, check out the summary that combined the results of the data covered. This approach might work, but you’ll have more ground to cover and more work to do in order to create and publish posts to cover larger blocks of time. 3. Find The One That Works For You By this, you might start with one set of research, stick to it, measure it, and note the results. Then adjust that with different days and times, and do the same measurement and data recording. In other words, test it out. See which one works for you. Not every industry is the same. Neil Patel even noted, for example, that the fashion industry sees better success on Pinterest with a slightly different approach. The real takeaway? Start with this data as a guideline, then tweak your own schedule based on your own findings. That’s the only way you can honestly know if you’re posting at the best times. Automate Your Posting Schedule With Best Time Scheduling Refining your social media schedule takes time and experimentation. But, if you need some automated assistance to help you set it and forget it, there’s Best Time Scheduling in .It’ll help you get more engagement, shares, and click-throughs by scheduling posts at the best times for you. Plus, it features intelligent collision-detection to ensure your posts are evenly spread out without over-posting at one time and under-posting at another. You read that right- you can reap the benefits from everything you just learned without actually having to remember it all.